0A2.htm Check all Church Early Historical Writings to See if You Can Find any Mention of GodtheSon.htm or Trinity

before Tertullian See The Ante-Nicene Christian library 0-325 The Apostolic Fathers Below

 

 

Who introduced the term Trinity

                                          ***Answer***Tertullian (ca. 155–230)

                 The Trinity Doctrine, Implies that The Word (Logos) Jesus is GOD

Many verses in John, the epistles, and Revelation Imply support for the doctrine that Jesus Christ is God and the

closely related Concept of the Trinity--Jesus as God ---Wikipedia--Uses Modern Bibles That refuses to print God.’s Name

in it JesusAsGodWikipedia.htm-God YHWH 010.htm. All Bibles that don’t use GOD’sΘεός Name in both Testaments They

Are Most Likely pro-Nicene-Creed Intentionally- Read -1Tim-1-17plus.htm  &  For English translations currently in liturgical use,

see  the Nicene Creed in current use

 

Tertullian was a forerunner of the Nicene doctrine, approaching the subject from the standpoint of the

           Logos doctrine-Compaare Tertullian Trinity to what we have today-Open & Study-

               SpecificTeachingsTertullianWritings.htm & Compaare what we have today-Open-0A1.htm.

Tertullian 325 Minus 230 His Death Date = 115 years for supporters to try to perfect the doctrine that Jesus

                                     nor any of  the Bible Writters --never or ever-- mentioned.

Jesus As Θες -Scriptural Fact Or Scribal Fantasy? Bible.org-Open & Study-Jesus As Θες GOD Bible.org

     Where Were the Nicene Council Members When God Was Creating Things- Open & Study- TrinityReferenceLibrary2.htm

 

Tertullian Introduced the term Trinity (-Theophilius to Autolycus - 115-181)- introduced the word Trinity in his Book 2, chapter 15 on the creation of the 4th day) as the Latin trinitas, to the Christian vocabulary[2] and also probably the formula "three Persons, one Substance" as the Latin "tres Personae, una Substantia" (itself from the Koine Greek "treis Hypostases, Homoousios"), and also the terms vetus testamentum ("old testament") and novum testamentum ("new testament").For Full article Open http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertullian

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch -- Apologetics

 

 

                                   The Ante-Nicene Christian library 0-325 The Apostolic Fathers

                                          http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.toc.html

                          

          Open Table of Contents Schaff, Philip (1819-1893)

Click to expand or collapse this itemTitle Page

Preface

Introductory Notice

Click to expand or collapse this itemCLEMENT OF ROME

Introductory Note to the First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians

Click to expand or collapse this itemFirst Epistle to the Corinthians

Chapter I.—The salutation. Praise of the Corinthians before the breaking forth of schism among them.

Chapter II.—Praise of the Corinthians continued.

Chapter III.—The sad state of the Corinthian church after sedition arose in it from envy and emulation.

Chapter IV.—Many evils have already flowed from this source in ancient times.

Chapter V.—No less evils have arisen from the same source in the most recent times. The martyrdom of Peter and Paul.

Chapter VI.—Continuation. Several other martyrs.

Chapter VII.—An exhortation to repentance.

Chapter VIII.—Continuation respecting repentance.

Chapter IX.—Examples of the saints.

Chapter X.—Continuation of the above.

Chapter XI.—Continuation. Lot.

Chapter XII.—The rewards of faith and hospitality. Rahab.

Chapter XIII.—An exhortation to humility.

Chapter XIV.—We should obey God rather than the authors of sedition.

Chapter XV.—We must adhere to those who cultivate peace, not to those who merely pretend to do so.

Chapter XVI.—Christ as an example of humility.

Chapter XVII.—The saints as examples of humility.

Chapter XVIII.—David as an example of humility.

Chapter XIX.—Imitating these examples, let us seek after peace.

Chapter XX.—The peace and harmony of the universe.

Chapter XXI.—Let us obey God, and not the authors of sedition.

Chapter XXII.—These exhortations are confirmed by the Christian faith, which proclaims the misery of sinful conduct.

Chapter XXIII.—Be humble, and believe that Christ will come again.

Chapter XXIV.—God continually shows us in nature that there will be a resurrection.

Chapter XXV.—The phœnix an emblem of our resurrection.

Chapter XXVI.—We shall rise again, then, as the Scripture also testifies.

Chapter XXVII.—In the hope of the resurrection, let us cleave to the omnipotent and omniscient God.

Chapter XXVIII.—God sees all things: therefore let us avoid transgression.

Chapter XXIX.—Let us also draw near to God in purity of heart.

Chapter XXX.—Let us do those things that please God, and flee from those He hates, that we may be blessed.

Chapter XXXI.—Let us see by what means we may obtain the divine blessing.

Chapter XXXII.—We are justified not by our own works, but by faith.

Chapter XXXIII.—But let us not give up the practice of good works and love. God Himself is an example to us of good works.

Chapter XXXIV.—Great is the reward of good works with God. Joined together in harmony, let us implore that reward from Him.

Chapter XXXV.—Immense is this reward. How shall we obtain it?

Chapter XXXVI.—All blessings are given to us through Christ.

Chapter XXXVII.—Christ is our leader, and we His soldiers.

Chapter XXXVIII.—Let the members of the Church submit themselves, and no one exalt himself above another.

Chapter XXXIX.—There is no reason for self-conceit.

Chapter XL.—Let us preserve in the Church the order appointed by God.

Chapter XLI.—Continuation of the same subject.

Chapter XLII.—The order of ministers in the Church.

Chapter XLIII.—Moses of old stilled the contention which arose concerning the priestly dignity.

Chapter XLIV.—The ordinances of the apostles, that there might be no contention respecting the priestly office.

Chapter XLV.—It is the part of the wicked to vex the righteous.

Chapter XLVI.—Let us cleave to the righteous: your strife is pernicious.

Chapter XLVII.—Your recent discord is worse than the former which took place in the times of Paul.

Chapter XLVIII.—Let us return to the practice of brotherly love.

Chapter XLIX.—The praise of love.

Chapter L.—Let us pray to be thought worthy of love.

Chapter LI.—Let the partakers in strife acknowledge their sins.

Chapter LII.—Such a confession is pleasing to God.

Chapter LIII.—The love of Moses towards his people.

Chapter LIV.—He who is full of love will incur every loss, that peace may be restored to the Church.

Chapter LV.—Examples of such love.

Chapter LVI.—Let us admonish and correct one another.

Chapter LVII.—Let the authors of sedition submit themselves.

Chapter LVIII.—Blessings sought for all that call upon God.

Chapter LIX.—The Corinthians are exhorted speedily to send back word that peace has been restored. The benediction.

Click to expand or collapse this itemMATHETES

Introductory Note to the Epistle of Mathetes to Diognetus

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Diognetus

Chapter I.—Occasion of the epistle.

Chapter II.—The vanity of idols.

Chapter III.—Superstitions of the Jews.

Chapter IV.—The other observances of the Jews.

Chapter V.—The manners of the Christians.

Chapter VI.—The relation of Christians to the world.

Chapter VII.—The manifestation of Christ.

Chapter VIII.—The miserable state of men before the coming of the Word.

Chapter IX.—Why the Son was sent so late.

Chapter X.—The blessings that will flow from faith.

Chapter XI.—These things are worthy to be known and believed.

Chapter XII.—The importance of knowledge to true spiritual life.

Click to expand or collapse this itemPOLYCARP

Introductory Note to the Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Philippians

Chapter I.—Praise of the Philippians.

Chapter II.—An exhortation to virtue.

Chapter III.—Expressions of personal unworthiness.

Chapter IV.—Various exhortations.

Chapter V.—The duties of deacons, youths, and virgins.

Chapter VI.—The duties of presbyters and others.

Chapter VII.—Avoid the Docetæ, and persevere in fasting and prayer.

Chapter VIII.—Persevere in hope and patience.

Chapter IX.—Patience inculcated.

Chapter X.—Exhortation to the practice of virtue.

Chapter XI.—Expression of grief on account of Valens.

Chapter XII.—Exhortation to various graces.

Chapter XIII.—Concerning the transmission of epistles.

Chapter XIV.—Conclusion.

Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Polycarp

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe Martyrdom of Polycarp

Chapter I.—Subject of which we write.

Chapter II.—The wonderful constancy of the martyrs.

Chapter III.—The constancy of Germanicus. The death of Polycarp is demanded.

Chapter IV.—Quintus the apostate.

Chapter V.—The departure and vision of Polycarp.

Chapter VI.—Polycarp is betrayed by a servant.

Chapter VII.—Polycarp is found by his pursuers.

Chapter VIII.—Polycarp is brought into the city.

Chapter IX.—Polycarp refuses to revile Christ.

Chapter X.—Polycarp confesses himself a Christian.

Chapter XI.—No threats have any effect on Polycarp.

Chapter XII.—Polycarp is sentenced to be burned.

Chapter XIII.—The funeral pile is erected.

Chapter XIV.—The prayer of Polycarp.

Chapter XV.—Polycarp is not injured by the fire.

Chapter XVI.—Polycarp is pierced by a dagger.

Chapter XVII.—The Christians are refused Polycarp’s body.

Chapter XVIII.—The body of Polycarp is burned.

Chapter XIX.—Praise of the martyr Polycarp.

Chapter XX.—This epistle is to be transmitted to the brethren.

Chapter XXI.—The date of the martyrdom.

Chapter XXII.—Salutation.

Click to expand or collapse this itemIGNATIUS

Introductory Note to the Epistles of Ignatius

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Ephesians: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Praise of the Ephesians.

Chapter II.—Congratulations and entreaties.

Chapter III.—Exhortations to unity.

Chapter IV.—The same continued.

Chapter V.—The praise of unity.

Chapter VI.—Have respect to the bishop as to Christ Himself.

Chapter VII.—Beware of false teachers.

Chapter VIII.—Renewed praise of the Ephesians.

Chapter IX.—Ye have given no heed to false teachers.

Chapter X.—Exhortations to prayer, humility, etc.

Chapter XI.—An exhortation to fear God, etc.

Chapter XII.—Praise of the Ephesians.

Chapter XIII.—Exhortation to meet together frequently for the worship of God.

Chapter XIV.—Exhortations to faith and love.

Chapter XV.—Exhortation to confess Christ by silence as well as speech.

Chapter XVI.—The fate of false teachers.

Chapter XVII.—Beware of false doctrines.

Chapter XVIII.—The glory of the cross.

Chapter XIX.—Three celebrated mysteries.

Chapter XX.—Promise of another letter.

Chapter XX.—Exhortations to stedfastness and unity.

Chapter XXI.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Magnesians: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Reason of writing the epistle.

Chapter II.—I rejoice in your messengers.

Chapter III.—Honour your youthful bishop.

Chapter IV.—Some wickedly act independently of the bishop.

Chapter V.—Death is the fate of all such.

Chapter VI.—Preserve harmony.

Chapter VII.—Do nothing without the bishop and presbyters.

Chapter VIII.—Caution against false doctrines.

Chapter IX.—Let us live with Christ.

Chapter X.—Beware of Judaizing.

Chapter XI.—I write these things to warn you.

Chapter XII.—Ye are superior to me.

Chapter XIII.—Be established in faith and unity.

Chapter XIV.—Your prayers requested.

Chapter XV.—Salutations.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Trallians: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Acknowledgment of their excellence.

Chapter II.—Be subject to the bishop, etc.

Chapter III.—Honour the deacons, etc.

Chapter IV.—I have need of humility.

Chapter V.—I will not teach you profound doctrines.

Chapter VI.—Abstain from the poison of heretics.

Chapter VII.—The same continued.

Chapter VIII.—Be on your guard against the snares of the devil.

Chapter IX.—Reference to the history of Christ.

Chapter X.—The reality of Christ’s passion.

Chapter XI.—Avoid the deadly errors of the Docetæ.

Chapter XII.—Continue in unity and love.

Chapter XIII.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Romans: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—As a prisoner, I hope to see you.

Chapter II.—Do not save me from martyrdom.

Chapter III.—Pray rather that I may attain to martyrdom.

Chapter IV.—Allow me to fall a prey to the wild beasts.

Chapter V.—I desire to die.

Chapter VI.—By death I shall attain true life.

Chapter VII.—Reason of desiring to die.

Chapter VIII.—Be ye favourable to me.

Chapter IX.—Pray for the church in Syria.

Chapter X.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Philadelphians: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Praise of the bishop.

Chapter II.—Maintain union with the bishop.

Chapter III.—Avoid schismatics.

Chapter IV.—Have but one Eucharist, etc.

Chapter V.—Pray for me.

Chapter VI.—Do not accept Judaism.

Chapter VII.—I have exhorted you to unity.

Chapter VIII.—The same continued.

Chapter IX.—The Old Testament is good: the New Testament is better.

Chapter X.—Congratulate the inhabitants of Antioch on the close of the persecution.

Chapter XI.—Thanks and salutation.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Smyrnæans: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Thanks to God for your faith.

Chapter II.—Christ’s true passion.

Chapter III.—Christ was possessed of a body after His resurrection.

Chapter IV.—Beware of these heretics.

Chapter V.—Their dangerous errors.

Chapter VI—Unbelievers in the blood of Christ shall be condemned.

Chapter VII.—Let us stand aloof from such heretics.

Chapter VIII.—Let nothing be done without the bishop.

Chapter IX.—Honour the bishop.

Chapter X.—Acknowledgment of their kindness.

Chapter XI.—Request to them to send a messenger to Antioch.

Chapter XII.—Salutations.

Chapter XIII.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Polycarp: Shorter and Longer Versions

Chapter I.—Commendation and exhortation.

Chapter II.—Exhortations.

Chapter III.—Exhortations.

Chapter IV.—Exhortations.

Chapter V.—The duties of husbands and wives.

Chapter VI.—The duties of the Christian flock.

Chapter VII.—Request that Polycarp would send a messenger to Antioch.

Chapter VIII.—Let other churches also send to Antioch.

Introductory Note to the Syriac Version of the Ignatian Epistles

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Polycarp: Syriac Version

Chapter I.

Chapter II.

Chapter III.

Chapter IV.

Chapter V.

Chapter VI.

Chapter VII.

Chapter VIII.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Ephesians: Syriac Version

Chapter I.

Chapter III.

Chapter VIII.

Chapter IX.

Chapter X.

Chapter XIV.

Chapter XV.

Chapter XVIII.

Chapter XIX.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Romans: Syriac Version

Chapter I.

Chapter II.

Chapter III.

Chapter IV.

Chapter V.

Chapter VI.

Chapter VII.

Chapter IX.

Introductory Note to the Spurious Epistles of Ignatius

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Tarsians

Chapter I.—His own sufferings: exhortation to stedfastness.

Chapter II.—Cautions against false doctrine.

Chapter III.—The true doctrine respecting Christ.

Chapter IV.—Continuation.

Chapter V.—Refutation of the previously mentioned errors.

Chapter VI.—Continuation.

Chapter VII.—Continuation.

Chapter VIII.—Exhortations to holiness and good order.

Chapter IX.—Exhortations to the discharge of relative duties.

Chapter X.—Salutations.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Antiochians

Chapter I.—Cautions against error.

Chapter II.—The true doctrine respecting God and Christ.

Chapter III.—The same continued.

Chapter IV.—Continuation.

Chapter V.—Denunciation of false teachers.

Chapter VI.—Renewed cautions.

Chapter VII.—Exhortation to consistency of conduct.

Chapter VIII.—Exhortations to the presbyters and others.

Chapter IX.—Duties of husbands, wives, parents, and children.

Chapter X.—Duties of masters and servants.

Chapter XI.—Inculcation of various moral duties.

Chapter XII.—Salutations.

Chapter XIII.—Salutations continued.

Chapter XIV.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Hero, a Deacon of Antioch

Chapter I.—Exhortations to earnestness and moderation.

Chapter II.—Cautions against false teachers.

Chapter III.—Exhortations as to ecclesiastical duties.

Chapter IV.—Servants and women are not to be despised.

Chapter V.—Various relative duties.

Chapter VI—Exhortations to purity and caution.

Chapter VII.—Solemn charge to Hero, as future bishop of Antioch.

Chapter VIII.—Salutations.

Chapter IX.—Concluding salutations and instructions.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to the Philippians

Chapter I.—Reason for writing the epistle.

Chapter II.—Unity of the three divine persons.

Chapter III.—Christ was truly born, and died.

Chapter IV.—The malignity and folly of Satan.

Chapter V.—Apostrophe to Satan.

Chapter VI.—Continuation.

Chapter VII.—Continuation: inconsistency of Satan.

Chapter VIII.—Continuation: ignorance of Satan.

Chapter IX.—Continuation: ignorance of Satan.

Chapter X.—Continuation: audacity of Satan.

Chapter XI.—Continuation: audacity of Satan.

Chapter XII.—The meek reply of Christ.

Chapter XIII.—Various exhortations and directions.

Chapter XIV.—Farewells and cautions.

Chapter XV.—Salutations. Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle from Maria of Cassobelæ

Mary of Cassobelæ to Ignatius

Chapter I.—Occasion of the epistle.

Chapter II.—Youth may be allied with piety and discretion.

Chapter III.—Examples of youthful devotedness.

Chapter IV.—The same subject continued.

Chapter V.—Expressions of respect for Ignatius.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Mary at Neapolis

Chapter I.—Acknowledgment of her excellence and wisdom.

Chapter II.—His own condition.

Chapter III.—He had complied with her request.

Chapter IV.—Commendation and exhortation.

Chapter V.—Salutations and good wishes.

Click to expand or collapse this itemFirst Epistle to St John

Ignatius, and the brethren who are with him, to John the holy presbyter.

Click to expand or collapse this itemSecond Epistle to St John

His friend Ignatius to John the holy presbyter.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle to Mary the Virgin

Her friend Ignatius to the Christ-bearing Mary.

Click to expand or collapse this itemEpistle from Mary the Virgin

The lowly handmaid of Christ Jesus to Ignatius, her beloved fellow-disciple.

Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Ignatius

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe Martyrdom of Ignatius

Chapter I.—Desire of Ignatius for martyrdom.

Chapter II.—Ignatius is condemned by Trajan.

Chapter III.—Ignatius sails to Smyrna.

Chapter IV.—Ignatius writes to the churches.

Chapter V.—Ignatius is brought to Rome.

Chapter VI.—Ignatius is devoured by the beasts at Rome.

Chapter VII.—Ignatius appears in a vision after his death.

Click to expand or collapse this itemBARNABAS

Introductory Note to the Epistle of Barnabas

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe Epistle of Barnabas

Chapter I.—After the salutation, the writer declares that he would communicate to his brethren something of that which he had himself received.

Chapter II.—The Jewish sacrifices are now abolished.

Chapter III.—The fasts of the Jews are not true fasts, nor acceptable to God.

Chapter IV.—Antichrist is at hand: let us therefore avoid Jewish errors.

Chapter V.—The new covenant, founded on the sufferings of Christ, tends to our salvation, but to the Jews’ destruction.

Chapter VI.—The sufferings of Christ, and the new covenant, were announced by the prophets.

Chapter VII.—Fasting, and the goat sent away, were types of Christ.

Chapter VIII.—The red heifer a type of Christ.

Chapter IX.—The spiritual meaning of circumcision.

Chapter X.—Spiritual significance of the precepts of Moses respecting different kinds of food.

Chapter XI.—Baptism and the cross prefigured in the Old Testament.

Chapter XII.—The cross of Christ frequently announced in the Old Testament.

Chapter XIII.—Christians, and not Jews, the heirs of the covenant.

Chapter XIV.—The Lord hath given us the testament which Moses received and broke.

Chapter XV.—The false and the true Sabbath.

Chapter XVI.—The spiritual temple of God.

Chapter XVII.—Conclusion of the first part of the epistle.

Chapter XVIII.—Second part of the epistle. The two ways.

Chapter XIX.—The way of light.

Chapter XX.—The way of darkness.

Chapter XXI.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemPAPIAS

Introductory Note to the Fragments of Papias

Click to expand or collapse this itemFragments

I. From the exposition of the oracles of the Lord.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

X.

Click to expand or collapse this itemJUSTIN MARTYR

Introductory Note to the Writings of Justin Martyr

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe First Apology

Chapter I.—Address.

Chapter II.—Justice demanded.

Chapter III.—Claim of judicial investigation.

Chapter IV.—Christians unjustly condemned for their mere name.

Chapter V.—Christians charged with atheism.

Chapter VI.—Charge of atheism refuted.

Chapter VII.—Each Christian must be tried by his own life.

Chapter VIII.—Christians confess their faith in God.

Chapter IX.—Folly of idol worship.

Chapter X.—How God is to be served.

Chapter XI.—What kingdom Christians look for.

Chapter XII.—Christians live as under God’s eye.

Chapter XIII.—Christians serve God rationally.

Chapter XIV.—The demons misrepresent Christian doctrine.

Chapter XV.—What Christ himself taught.

Chapter XVI.—Concerning patience and swearing.

Chapter XVII.—Christ taught civil obedience.

Chapter XVIII.—Proof of immortality and the resurrection.

Chapter XIX.—The resurrection possible.

Chapter XX.—Heathen analogies to Christian doctrine.

Chapter XXI.—Analogies to the history of Christ.

Chapter XXII.—Analogies to the sonship of Christ.

Chapter XXIII.—The argument.

Chapter XXIV.—Varieties of heathen worship.

Chapter XXV.—False Gods abandoned by Christians.

Chapter XXVI.—Magicians not trusted by Christians.

Chapter XXVII.—Guilt of exposing children.

Chapter XXVIII.—God’s care for men.

Chapter XXIX.—Continence of Christians.

Chapter XXX.—Was Christ not a magician?

Chapter XXXI.—Of the Hebrew prophets.

Chapter XXXII.—Christ predicted by Moses.

Chapter XXXIII.—Manner of Christ’s birth predicted.

Chapter XXXIV.—Place of Christ’s birth foretold.

Chapter XXXV.—Other fulfilled prophecies.

Chapter XXXVI.—Different modes of prophecy.

Chapter XXXVII.—Utterances of the Father.

Chapter XXXVIII.—Utterances of the Son.

Chapter XXXIX.—Direct predictions by the Spirit.

Chapter XL.—Christ’s advent foretold.

Chapter XLI.—The crucifixion predicted.

Chapter XLII.—Prophecy using the past tense.

Chapter XLIII.—Responsibility asserted.

Chapter XLIV.—Not nullified by prophecy.

Chapter XLV.—Christ’s session in heaven foretold.

Chapter XLVI.—The Word in the world before Christ.

Chapter XLVII.—Desolation of Judæa foretold.

Chapter XLVIII.—Christ’s work and death foretold.

Chapter XLIX.—His rejection by the Jews foretold.

Chapter L.—His humiliation predicted.

Chapter LI.—The majesty of Christ.

Chapter LII.—Certain fulfilment of prophecy.

Chapter LIII.—Summary of the prophecies.

Chapter LIV.—Origin of heathen mythology.

Chapter LV.—Symbols of the cross.

Chapter LVI.—The demons still mislead men.

Chapter LVII.—And cause persecution.

Chapter LVIII.—And raise up heretics.

Chapter LIX.—Plato’s obligation to Moses.

Chapter LX.—Plato’s doctrine of the cross.

Chapter LXI.—Christian baptism.

Chapter LXII.—Its imitation by demons.

Chapter LXIII.—How God appeared to Moses.

Chapter LXIV.—Further misrepresentations of the truth.

Chapter LXV.—Administration of the sacraments.

Chapter LXVI.—Of the Eucharist.

Chapter LXVII.—Weekly worship of the Christians.

Chapter LXVIII.—Conclusion.

Epistle of Adrian in behalf of the Christians.

Epistle of Antoninus to the common assembly of Asia.

Epistle of Marcus Aurelius to the senate, in which he testifies that the Christians were the cause of his victory.

Click to expand or collapse this itemThe Second Apology

Chapter I.—Introduction.

Chapter II.—Urbicus condemns the Christians to death.

Chapter III.—Justin accuses Crescens of ignorant prejudice against the Christians.

Chapter IV.—Why the Christians do not kill themselves.

Chapter V.—How the angels transgressed.

Chapter VI.—Names of God and of Christ, their meaning and power.

Chapter VII.—The world preserved for the sake of Christians. Man’s responsibility.

Chapter VIII.—All have been hated in whom the Word has dwelt.

Chapter IX.—Eternal punishment not a mere threat.

Chapter X.—Christ compared with Socrates.

Chapter XI.—How Christians view death.

Chapter XII.—Christians proved innocent by their contempt of death.

Chapter XIII.—How the Word has been in all men.

Chapter XIV.—Justin prays that this appeal be published.

Chapter XV.—Conclusion.

Click to expand or collapse this itemDialogue with Trypho

Chapter I.—Introduction.

Chapter II.—Justin describes his studies in philosophy.

Chapter III.—Justin narrates the manner of his conversion.

Chapter IV.—The soul of itself cannot see God.

Chapter V.—The soul is not in its own nature immortal.

Chapter VI.—These things were unknown to Plato and other philosophers.

Chapter VII.—The knowledge of truth to be sought from the prophets alone.

Chapter VIII.—Justin by his colloquy is kindled with love to Christ.

Chapter IX.—The Christians have not believed groundless stories.

Chapter X.—Trypho blames the Christians for this alone—the non-observance of the law.

Chapter XI.—The law abrogated; the New Testament promised and given by God.

Chapter XII.—The Jews violate the eternal law, and interpret ill that of Moses.

Chapter XIII.—Isaiah teaches that sins are forgiven through Christ’s blood.

Chapter XIV.—Righteousness is not placed in Jewish rites, but in the conversion of the heart given in baptism by Christ.

Chapter XV.—In what the true fasting consists.

Chapter XVI.—Circumcision given as a sign, that the Jews might be driven away for their evil deeds done to Christ and the Christians.

Chapter XVII.—The Jews sent persons through the whole earth to spread calumnies on Christians.

Chapter XVIII.—Christians would observe the law, if they did not know why it was instituted.

Chapter XIX.—Circumcision unknown before Abraham. The law was given by Moses on account of the hardness of their hearts.

Chapter XX.—Why choice of meats was prescribed.

Chapter XXI.—Sabbaths were instituted on account of the people’s sins, and not for a work of righteousness.

Chapter XXII.—So also were sacrifices and oblations.

Chapter XXIII.—The opinion of the Jews regarding the law does an injury to God.

Chapter XXIV.—The Christians’ circumcision far more excellent.

Chapter XXV.—The Jews boast in vain that they are sons of Abraham.

Chapter XXVI.—No salvation to the Jews except through Christ.

Chapter XXVII.—Why God taught the same things by the prophets as by Moses.

Chapter XXVIII.—True righteousness is obtained by Christ.

Chapter XXIX.—Christ is useless to those who observe the law.

Chapter XXX.—Christians possess the true righteousness.

Chapter XXXI.—If Christ’s power be now so great, how much greater at the second advent!

Chapter XXXII.—Trypho objecting that Christ is described as glorious by Daniel, Justin distinguishes two advents.

Chapter XXXIII.—Ps. cx. is not spoken of Hezekiah. He proves that Christ was first humble, then shall be glorious.

Chapter XXXIV.—Nor does Ps. lxxii. apply to Solomon, whose faults Christians shudder at.

Chapter XXXV.—Heretics confirm the Catholics in the faith.

Chapter XXXVI.—He proves that Christ is called Lord of Hosts.

Chapter XXXVII.—The same is proved from other Psalms.

Chapter XXXVIII.—It is an annoyance to the Jew that Christ is said to be adored. Justin confirms it, however, from Ps. xlv.

Chapter XXXIX.—The Jews hate the Christians who believe this. How great the distinction is between both!

Chapter XL.—He returns to the Mosaic laws, and proves that they were figures of the things which pertain to Christ.

Chapter XLI.—The oblation of fine flour was a figure of the Eucharist.

Chapter XLII.—The bells on the priest’s robe were a figure of the apostles.

Chapter XLIII.—He concludes that the law had an end in Christ, who was born of the Virgin.

Chapter XLIV.—The Jews in vain promise themselves salvation, which cannot be obtained except through Christ.

Chapter XLV.—Those who were righteous before and under the law shall be saved by Christ.

Chapter XLVI.—Trypho asks whether a man who keeps the law even now will be saved. Justin proves that it contributes nothing to righteousness.

Chapter XLVII.—Justin communicates with Christians who observe the law. Not a few Catholics do otherwise.

Chapter XLVIII.—Before the divinity of Christ is proved, he [Trypho] demands that it be settled that He is Christ.

Chapter XLIX.—To those who object that Elijah has not yet come, he replies that he is the precursor of the first advent.

Chapter L.—It is proved from Isaiah that John is the precursor of Christ.

Chapter LI.—It is proved that this prophecy has been fulfilled.

Chapter LII.—Jacob predicted two advents of Christ.

Chapter LIII.—Jacob predicted that Christ would ride on an ass, and Zechariah confirms it.

Chapter LIV.—What the blood of the grape signifies.

Chapter LV.—Trypho asks that Christ be proved God, but without metaphor. Justin promises to do so.