0A6 This SBT Page is For -Why Is It Necessary To
Keep Revising
the Nicene Creed Century after Century?
Why? From (325 AD) Onward
(open) Start- ArianismGD.htm Arius collapsed and died while walking through the
streets of Constantinople in 336.When Constantine died in 337, In 350
Constantius II became sole ruler of the empire, in 357, Constantius' death in
361, the Emperor Valens
(364-378) 367-383) and
Theodosius I (379-395) 381 the Second Ecumenical Council met at Constantinople. Arianism was proscribed and the Nicene Creed was
approved. Details in ArianismGD.htm (381 AD) (451 AD) (500 AD) (529 AD) (533 AD
(600 AD) 681 AD) (753 AD) (787 AD)
+ Open history.html#creeds+ Nomenclature
Arianism was a fourth
century Christian movement begun, in part, by a Libyan Presbyter by the name of
Arius (250-336).Open History
Arius and His followers
did not consider His Biblical Theology of (Open)*GOD
defined*was heretic Theology.
Plus The Creed of Ulfilas or Wulfila--He Lived From ( 310 - 383) A.D.From Study /Ulfilas
It Is Note-Worthy (Modern_English_Bible_translations) That Many
Bible Translators and Publishers down through the Centuries did not make
good accurate Foot-Notes or Were not allowed to-(Example Open) King_James_Version_of_the_Bible
& (bible03b.htm) & King James
Also Read HiddenTruthsPLUS.htm Imaginary Concepts should be
listed as such --as a second possibility at best and as a note foot, and
Not as Holy Doctrine By
God’s Written Inspired Words- history/nicene.html
(Revising
Opinions)
1-Now That We Are In The Communication
Age We Can *Examine * Everything Ourselves The Expository Library 20.htm
A creed is a statement or
confession of belief — usually religious belief —
or faith.
Group 2
The Creed of Ulfilas
or Wulfila--He Lived From ( 310
- 383) A.D. From wordiq.com/definition/Ulfilas Compare
1 -The original Nicene Creed of 325
"I believe that there is only one God
the Father, alone unbegotten and invisible, and in His only-begotten Son, our
Lord and God, creator and maker of all things, not having any like unto Him.
Therefore there is one God of all, who is also God of our God, And I believe in
one Holy Spirit, an enlightening and sanctifying power. As Christ says after
the resurrection to his Apostles: "Behold I send the promise of my Father
upon you; but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem until ye be clothed with power from on
high." (Luke 24.49) 24:49
And again: "And ye
shall receive power coming upon you by the Holy Spirit." (Acts 1.8) 1:8
Neither God nor Lord,
but the faithful minister of Christ; not equal, but subject and obedient in all
things to the Son. And I believe the Son to be subject and obedient in all
things to God the Father." From wordiq.com/definition/Ulfilas
(2) point of FourMainPoints.htm . The Son is Created 'Ex Nihilo' of Arius
Second of all, since the Son had a beginning and
was created by the Father, he must have been created out of nothing like the
rest of creation. As scandalous as this may have sounded to Arius' opponents,
Arius was firm in his declaration that the Son "having not existed,
attained existence by the Father's will."[21] The Logos was the 'son' of
God, not in the sense of biological generation, but in the extended meaning of
the word in designation of all believers, or adoptive sons of God. The term has this meaning in Arian proof texts such as Deuteronomy 14:1, "You are children of the Lord your
God," and John 1:12, "But to all who
received [the Son], who believe in his name, he gave power to become children
of God." The relationship between the redeemer and God was "by
participation in the Spirit," "by a participation of grace,"
"a certain grace and habit of virtue," "by adoption,"
"by free gift of God," "named Word and Son according to
grace," "grace by acquisition," "grace as an
accident," and so on. [22] From FourMainPoints.htm of Arius-
Also Read Part 1 in 58.htm And GOD defined* BiblicalTheology and Theology.htm
Note ----If Jesus was not created by the
Father---When He Is The Father---and that means there never was a Real Jesus.
Compare IsJesusRealToYouPart 2. and Who is He-DenyingJesusLife.htm is DenyingJesus.htm
begotten,
not made, or made --------------------- Prov8-22.htm-JOHN3-16.htm-SonsOfGod.htm-EternalSonOfGod.htm-WhatIsagod.htm
TheMysteryGroupBelievers.htm-
AFact.htm JesusHasTwoBeginningsBothScriptural.htm
-- John1--1-18-
Open FirstBorn.htm+
HiddenTruthsPLUS.htm Next Is For The Apostles' Creed + more
(325 AD) (381 AD) (381
AD) (451 AD) (500 AD) (529 AD)
(533 AD (600 AD) 681 AD) (753 AD) (787 AD)+
Start Click on the numbers
The Apostolic Creed history/creed.apost.proofs.html
I believe
in God the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth[1][1][1][1]; and in Jesus Christ his only Son[2][2][2][2], our Lord[3][3][3][3]; who was conceived by the Holy Ghost[4][4][4][4], born of the Virgin Mary[5][5][5][5]; suffered under Pontius Pilate[6][6][6][6], was crucified[7][7][7][7], dead[8][8][8][8], and buried[9][9][9][9]; he descended into hell[10][10][10][10]: the third day he rose again from the dead[11][11][11][11]; he ascended into heaven[12][12][12][12], and sitteth on the right hand of God[13][13][13][13] the Father almighty; from thence he shall
come to judge the quick and the dead[14][14][14][14]. I believe in the Holy Ghost[15][15][15][15]; the holy catholic church[16][16][16][16]; the communion of saints[17][17][17][17]; the forgiveness of sins[18][18][18][18]; the resurrection of the body[19][19][19][19]; and the life everlasting[20][20][20][20]. Amen.
It Is Note-Worthy That
No God the
Son in this CREED God-the-Son. history/creed.apost.proofs.html
58.htm The Reason Why Most Churches Teach
People That Jesus Is God- 58.htm
4. Creeds And Canons
5. Later Text
- The Summa Theologica
[1265/1266-1273] (translated by Fathers of the English Dominican):
Aquinas' classical exposition of the theology of the Roman Catholic
Church. Aquinas is known for his development of a systematic theology
based on reason and faith.
- (Gregory
of Nyssa) [ca 330-395] One of the Cappadocian Fathers. Deposed by
Arian bishops in 376 because he supported the Nicene faith, but he
regained his position win 378. His style was devotional and he tended
toward spiritualizing.
6. Related Documents
7. Miscellaneous Documents
8. Relevant Internet Sites
· Apologia
· The Ecole Initiative Building a
Hypertext Encyclopedia of Early Church History.
· Doctrine of the
Trinity, by Dr. Francis Beckwith
· The Church
Fathers page, Wesley Center for Applied Theology, Northwest Nazarene College.
· CHURCHRODENT: R.A. Tatum's Glossary of
Church History
· The Early Church Fathers collection at
the Christian Classics Ethereal Library, Wheaton College.
· The Internet Medieval
Sourcebook, a comprehensive project that includes Readings in Medieval History, Full Texts for Readings, etc.
· The Christian History Institute provides
an ample archive of Church History documents for all periods of history in its Glimpses
archive. Particularly germaine are two
sections on Early Church History that include: Foundations of Our Faith,
Whatever Happened to the Twelve Apostles?, The Spread of the Early Church,
Accusation, The Canon, and biographical information on Polycarp, Constantine,
Clement of Rome, Justin Martyr, Blandina, Irenaeus, Tertullian, Origen, Jerome.
[ICLnet Home Page]
| [Christian
Resource Guide] | [Comments]
4.6 1988 ecumenical version-------------------------Compare
------------------------SbtsCommentaryNote.htm--
What Happen to the Words Only Begotten (in John 1-18) Open and Study-JOHN3-16.htm
In Most Bibles Check out Open*GOD defined* and Theology.htm--Example1Jn1-1.htm
FormWikipedia’s article Only Begotten Open
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed#Controversy_over_definition_of_.22Christian.22
Compare all Open BestnonTrinitarianOnenessBibles.
Why
is it that is necessary to keep revising the Nicene Creed Century after
Century? (Revising Opinions) Why?
Answer The Nicene Creeds are the product of Imaginary Concepts & Intentional Fallacy
Stimulating
the imagination.
1A-Introduction to (Phantom Teachings)
Phantom Teachings are the product of Imaginary Concepts & Intentional Fallacy.
First
realistic view is to recognize that Humans can not see
GOD or any so-called Spirit False
gods and that stimulates the imagination. Man can
only Imagin what has been told Him about GOD or false gods
through the
Religions of the
world. The Christian Holy Writings are the best source to study –but the Devil’s
Seed at Gen 3:15. The Devil’s Seed
Defined by SBT
Simplified Commentary Is (Spirit Beings and Humans
Beings that
live by Satan’s influence and Imitate Him wittingly
and unwittingly)
Compare FREEasGOD.htm. JFB -> Commentary on 3:15 + More
open Gen 3:15.-
A false god is any Spirit god or Humans that has been called a god accept Jesus
Study WhatIsagod.htm
SBT
((Preface.htm) maintains that biggest culprits are the Bible Publishers that do not
Disclose Accurate Information
On How the original manuscripts were written
and proper word definitions to fit the context in Foot Note or
in Printed Bibles Online or in Hard Book--
Especially those that have Strong's N0's and other
Bible
dictionaries and Bible Encyclopedias linked in. Commentaries.htm
Sbt
doesn't claim perfection but
Bible Translators and Publishers will be accountable to Jehovah for their
intentional errors (Open Intentional
fallacy) Sample in Rev3-14.htm--
and it is
every true Christians duty to let one another know what they have learned and
share it with others --that's why Sbt was brought
forth--Not to
Judge and execute penalty --that's Jesus'
Job 2Thess1-6-9.htm Study HiddenTruthsPLUS.htm and BiblePublishersAccountableToWho.htm.
IntroductionForConcernedStudents.htm--- Open Introduction.htm
Plus SbtsCommentaryNote.htm
Especially the Online
Bibles with Strong’s and Other DictionaryExample.htm Words that need to be
clarified in
Foot-Note and Commentators.htm-Commentaries.htm-SbtsCommentaryNote.htm
1988
ecumenical version
The English Language Liturgical Consultation
(ELLC), the successor body to ICET, published in 1988 the book Praying
Together, which included a revision of the 1975 ICET
text,[5] which is given below. This has not been widely accepted without
modifications that vary between the Churches: see, for instance, the discussion within The ELLC Texts: A Survey of Use and Variation.
The version of the Roman Missal used in the United States was prepared
before the 1975 ICET text of the Creed was decided: it contains an earlier
(1973) ICET draft. The points (apart from an American spelling) where it
differs from the later version, used by the Catholic Church elsewhere, are here
indicated in italics.
"Of one Being with the Father" (1975) replaced "one in
Being with the Father" (1973), which, when spoken, could be confused with
"one, in being with the Father".
"He became incarnate from the Virgin Mary, and was made man"
(1975) replaced "He was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man"
(1973): neither Greek
"σαρκωθέντα" nor
Latin "incarnatus" means "born", and the 1973 text linked
hominization ("became man") with birth ("he was born").
"He suffered death and was buried" (1975) replaced "he
suffered, died, and was buried" (1973):
"παθόντα" in Greek and
"passus" in Latin are indicative of a suffering demise; but the 1973
draft inserted an extra verb, "died", not present in the original
Greek or Latin.
We believe in one God,
the Father, the
Almighty
maker of heaven and
earth,
of all that is seen and unseen.
We believe in one Lord,
Jesus Christ,
the only Son of God,
eternally begotten of
the Father,
God from God, Light
from Light,
true God from true God,
begotten, not made,
one in Being with the Father.
Through him all things
were made.
For us men and for our
salvation
he came down from
heaven
by the power of the
Holy Spirit
he was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man.
For our sake he was
crucified under Pontius Pilate;
he suffered, died, and was buried.
On the third day he
rose again
in fulfilment of the Scriptures;
he ascended into heaven
and is seated at the
right hand of the Father.
He will come again in
glory to judge the living and the dead,
and his kingdom will
have no end.
We believe in the Holy
Spirit, the Lord, the giver of Life,
who proceeds from the
Father and the Son.
With the Father and the
Son he is worshiped and glorified.
He has spoken through
the Prophets.
We believe in one holy
catholic and apostolic Church.
We acknowledge one
baptism for the forgiveness of sins.
We look for the
resurrection of the dead,
and the life of the
world to come. Amen
Lutheran
Service Book (2006)
I believe in one God,
the Father Almighty,
maker of heaven and
earth
and of all things
visible and invisible.
And in one Lord Jesus Christ,
the only-begotten Son
of God,
begotten of His Father
before all worlds,
God of God, Light of
Light,
very God of very God,
begotten, not made,
being of one substance
with the Father,
by whom all things were
made;
who for us men and for
our salvation came down from heaven
and was incarnate by
the Holy Spirit of the virgin Mary
and was made man;
and was crucified also
for us under Pontius Pilate.
He suffered and was
buried.
And the third day He
rose again according to the Scriptures
and ascended into
heaven
and sits at the right
hand of the Father.
And He will come again
with glory to judge both the living and the dead,
whose kingdom will have
no end.
And I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the Lord and giver of
life,
who proceeds from the
Father and the Son,
who with the Father and
the Son together is worshiped and glorified,
who spoke by the
prophets.
And I believe in one
holy Christian and apostolic Church,
I acknowledge one
Baptism for the remission of sins,
and I look for the
resurrection of the dead
and the life † of the
world to come. Amen.[11]
Polycarp’s
Writings - Polycarp -Who Was Part of The Original 1st & 2nd Century Christian Church
(*born ~70 A.D or 69ca*
died (martyred) 155 A.D
in Rome) Then Read Tertullian (ca. 155–230)
Open Polycarp.htm-Polycarp8-1Plus.htm
Then Read Tertullian (ca. 155–230)
Jesus Came In The Flesh-No Mention of (God YHWH 010.htm) Came in The
Flesh in Polycarp’s
Writings as Christendom Teaches. SBT is The YHWH TETRAGRAMMATON Testifier of The Theology-of GOD Open GOD
Tertullian (ca. 155–230)
He introduced the term Trinity (Theophilius to Autolycus - 115-181 - introduced the
word Trinity in his Book 2, chapter 15 on the creation of the 4th day) as the
Latin trinitas, to the Christian
vocabulary[2]
and also probably the formula "three Persons, one Substance" as the Latin
"tres Personae,
una
Substantia" (itself from the Koine Greek
"treis Hypostases, Homoousios"),
and also the terms vetus testamentum ("old testament") and novum
testamentum ("new testament").For Full article Open http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertullian
The
Ante-Nicene Christian library 0-325 The Apostolic Fathers
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.toc.html
Open Table of Contents Schaff, Philip (1819-1893)
Title
Page
Preface
Introductory
Notice
CLEMENT OF ROME
Introductory Note to the First Epistle of
Clement to the Corinthians
First
Epistle to the Corinthians
Chapter I.—The salutation. Praise of the
Corinthians before the breaking forth of schism among them.
Chapter II.—Praise of the Corinthians
continued.
Chapter III.—The sad state of the Corinthian
church after sedition arose in it from envy and emulation.
Chapter IV.—Many evils have already flowed
from this source in ancient times.
Chapter V.—No less evils have arisen from the
same source in the most recent times. The martyrdom of Peter and Paul.
Chapter VI.—Continuation. Several other
martyrs.
Chapter VII.—An exhortation to repentance.
Chapter VIII.—Continuation respecting
repentance.
Chapter IX.—Examples of the saints.
Chapter X.—Continuation of the above.
Chapter
XI.—Continuation. Lot.
Chapter XII.—The rewards of faith and
hospitality. Rahab.
Chapter XIII.—An exhortation to humility.
Chapter XIV.—We should obey God rather than
the authors of sedition.
Chapter XV.—We must adhere to those who
cultivate peace, not to those who merely pretend to do so.
Chapter XVI.—Christ as an example of humility.
Chapter XVII.—The saints as examples of
humility.
Chapter XVIII.—David as an example of humility.
Chapter XIX.—Imitating these examples, let us
seek after peace.
Chapter XX.—The peace and harmony of the
universe.
Chapter XXI.—Let us obey God, and not the
authors of sedition.
Chapter XXII.—These exhortations are
confirmed by the Christian faith, which proclaims the misery of sinful conduct.
Chapter XXIII.—Be humble, and believe that
Christ will come again.
Chapter XXIV.—God continually shows us in
nature that there will be a resurrection.
Chapter XXV.—The phœnix an emblem of our
resurrection.
Chapter XXVI.—We shall rise again, then, as
the Scripture also testifies.
Chapter XXVII.—In the hope of the
resurrection, let us cleave to the omnipotent and omniscient God.
Chapter XXVIII.—God sees all things:
therefore let us avoid transgression.
Chapter XXIX.—Let us also draw near to God in
purity of heart.
Chapter XXX.—Let us do those things that
please God, and flee from those He hates, that we may be blessed.
Chapter XXXI.—Let us see by what means we may
obtain the divine blessing.
Chapter XXXII.—We are justified not by our
own works, but by faith.
Chapter XXXIII.—But let us not give up the
practice of good works and love. God Himself is an example to us of good works.
Chapter XXXIV.—Great is the reward of good
works with God. Joined together in harmony, let us implore that reward from
Him.
Chapter XXXV.—Immense is this reward. How
shall we obtain it?
Chapter XXXVI.—All blessings are given to us
through Christ.
Chapter XXXVII.—Christ is our leader, and we
His soldiers.
Chapter XXXVIII.—Let the members of the
Church submit themselves, and no one exalt himself above another.
Chapter XXXIX.—There is no reason for
self-conceit.
Chapter XL.—Let us preserve in the Church the
order appointed by God.
Chapter XLI.—Continuation of the same subject.
Chapter XLII.—The order of ministers in the
Church.
Chapter XLIII.—Moses of old stilled the
contention which arose concerning the priestly dignity.
Chapter XLIV.—The ordinances of the apostles,
that there might be no contention respecting the priestly office.
Chapter XLV.—It is the part of the wicked to
vex the righteous.
Chapter XLVI.—Let us cleave to the righteous:
your strife is pernicious.
Chapter XLVII.—Your recent discord is worse
than the former which took place in the times of Paul.
Chapter XLVIII.—Let us return to the practice
of brotherly love.
Chapter
XLIX.—The praise of love.
Chapter L.—Let us pray to be thought worthy
of love.
Chapter LI.—Let the partakers in strife
acknowledge their sins.
Chapter LII.—Such a confession is pleasing to
God.
Chapter LIII.—The love of Moses towards his
people.
Chapter LIV.—He who is full of love will
incur every loss, that peace may be restored to the Church.
Chapter LV.—Examples of such love.
Chapter LVI.—Let us admonish and correct one
another.
Chapter LVII.—Let the authors of sedition
submit themselves.
Chapter LVIII.—Blessings sought for all that
call upon God.
Chapter LIX.—The Corinthians are exhorted
speedily to send back word that peace has been restored. The benediction.
MATHETES
Introductory Note to the Epistle of Mathetes
to Diognetus
Epistle to
Diognetus
Chapter I.—Occasion of the epistle.
Chapter
II.—The vanity of idols.
Chapter III.—Superstitions of the Jews.
Chapter IV.—The other observances of the Jews.
Chapter V.—The manners of the Christians.
Chapter VI.—The relation of Christians to the
world.
Chapter VII.—The manifestation of Christ.
Chapter VIII.—The miserable state of men
before the coming of the Word.
Chapter IX.—Why the Son was sent so late.
Chapter X.—The blessings that will flow from
faith.
Chapter XI.—These things are worthy to be
known and believed.
Chapter XII.—The importance of knowledge to
true spiritual life.
POLYCARP
Introductory Note to the Epistle of Polycarp
to the Philippians
Epistle
to the Philippians
Chapter I.—Praise of the Philippians.
Chapter II.—An exhortation to virtue.
Chapter III.—Expressions of personal
unworthiness.
Chapter
IV.—Various exhortations.
Chapter V.—The duties of deacons, youths, and
virgins.
Chapter VI.—The duties of presbyters and
others.
Chapter VII.—Avoid the Docetæ, and persevere
in fasting and prayer.
Chapter VIII.—Persevere in hope and patience.
Chapter
IX.—Patience inculcated.
Chapter X.—Exhortation to the practice of
virtue.
Chapter XI.—Expression of grief on account of
Valens.
Chapter XII.—Exhortation to various graces.
Chapter XIII.—Concerning the transmission of
epistles.
Chapter
XIV.—Conclusion.
Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Polycarp
The
Martyrdom of Polycarp
Chapter I.—Subject of which we write.
Chapter II.—The wonderful constancy of the
martyrs.
Chapter III.—The constancy of Germanicus. The
death of Polycarp is demanded.
Chapter
IV.—Quintus the apostate.
Chapter V.—The departure and vision of
Polycarp.
Chapter VI.—Polycarp is betrayed by a servant.
Chapter VII.—Polycarp is found by his pursuers.
Chapter VIII.—Polycarp is brought into the
city.
Chapter IX.—Polycarp refuses to revile Christ.
Chapter X.—Polycarp confesses himself a
Christian.
Chapter XI.—No threats have any effect on
Polycarp.
Chapter XII.—Polycarp is sentenced to be
burned.
Chapter XIII.—The funeral pile is erected.
Chapter XIV.—The prayer of Polycarp.
Chapter XV.—Polycarp is not injured by the
fire.
Chapter XVI.—Polycarp is pierced by a dagger.
Chapter XVII.—The Christians are refused
Polycarp’s body.
Chapter XVIII.—The body of Polycarp is burned.
Chapter XIX.—Praise of the martyr Polycarp.
Chapter XX.—This epistle is to be transmitted
to the brethren.
Chapter XXI.—The date of the martyrdom.
Chapter
XXII.—Salutation.
IGNATIUS
Introductory Note to the Epistles of Ignatius
Epistle to the Ephesians: Shorter and Longer
Versions
Chapter I.—Praise of the Ephesians.
Chapter II.—Congratulations and entreaties.
Chapter III.—Exhortations to unity.
Chapter
IV.—The same continued.
Chapter
V.—The praise of unity.
Chapter VI.—Have respect to the bishop as to
Christ Himself.
Chapter VII.—Beware of false teachers.
Chapter VIII.—Renewed praise of the Ephesians.
Chapter IX.—Ye have given no heed to false
teachers.
Chapter X.—Exhortations to prayer, humility,
etc.
Chapter XI.—An exhortation to fear God, etc.
Chapter XII.—Praise of the Ephesians.
Chapter XIII.—Exhortation to meet together
frequently for the worship of God.
Chapter XIV.—Exhortations to faith and love.
Chapter XV.—Exhortation to confess Christ by
silence as well as speech.
Chapter XVI.—The fate of false teachers.
Chapter XVII.—Beware of false doctrines.
Chapter XVIII.—The glory of the cross.
Chapter XIX.—Three celebrated mysteries.
Chapter XX.—Promise of another letter.
Chapter XX.—Exhortations to stedfastness and
unity.
Chapter
XXI.—Conclusion.
Epistle to the Magnesians: Shorter and Longer
Versions
Chapter I.—Reason of writing the epistle.
Chapter II.—I rejoice in your messengers.
Chapter III.—Honour your youthful bishop.
Chapter IV.—Some wickedly act independently
of the bishop.
Chapter V.—Death is the fate of all such.
Chapter
VI.—Preserve harmony.
Chapter VII.—Do nothing without the bishop
and presbyters.
Chapter VIII.—Caution against false doctrines.
Chapter IX.—Let us live with Christ.
Chapter
X.—Beware of Judaizing.
Chapter XI.—I write these things to warn you.
Chapter XII.—Ye are superior to me.
Chapter XIII.—Be established in faith and
unity.
Chapter XIV.—Your prayers requested.
Chapter
XV.—Salutations.
Epistle to the Trallians: Shorter and Longer
Versions
Chapter I.—Acknowledgment of their excellence.
Chapter II.—Be subject to the bishop, etc.
Chapter III.—Honour the deacons, etc.
Chapter IV.—I have need of humility.
Chapter V.—I will not teach you profound
doctrines.
Chapter VI.—Abstain from the poison of
heretics.
Chapter
VII.—The same continued.
Chapter VIII.—Be on your guard against the
snares of the devil.
Chapter IX.—Reference to the history of Christ.
Chapter X.—The reality of Christ’s passion.
Chapter XI.—Avoid the deadly errors of the
Docetæ.
Chapter XII.—Continue in unity and love.
Chapter
XIII.—Conclusion.
Epistle to the Romans: Shorter and Longer
Versions
Chapter I.—As a prisoner, I hope to see you.
Chapter II.—Do not save me from martyrdom.
Chapter III.—Pray rather that I may attain to
martyrdom.
Chapter IV.—Allow me to fall a prey to the
wild beasts.
Chapter
V.—I desire to die.
Chapter VI.—By death I shall attain true life.
Chapter VII.—Reason of desiring to die.
Chapter VIII.—Be ye favourable to me.
Chapter IX.—Pray for the church in Syria.
Chapter
X.—Conclusion.
Epistle to the Philadelphians: Shorter and
Longer Versions
Chapter
I.—Praise of the bishop.
Chapter II.—Maintain union with the bishop.
Chapter
III.—Avoid schismatics.
Chapter IV.—Have but one Eucharist, etc.
Chapter
V.—Pray for me.
Chapter VI.—Do not accept Judaism.
Chapter VII.—I have exhorted you to unity.
Chapter
VIII.—The same continued.
Chapter IX.—The Old Testament is good: the
New Testament is better.
Chapter X.—Congratulate the inhabitants of
Antioch on the close of the persecution.
Chapter XI.—Thanks and salutation.
Epistle to the Smyrnæans: Shorter and Longer
Versions
Chapter I.—Thanks to God for your faith.
Chapter II.—Christ’s true passion.
Chapter III.—Christ was possessed of a body
after His resurrection.
Chapter IV.—Beware of these heretics.
Chapter V.—Their dangerous errors.
Chapter VI—Unbelievers in the blood of Christ
shall be condemned.
Chapter VII.—Let us stand aloof from such
heretics.
Chapter VIII.—Let nothing be done without the
bishop.
Chapter
IX.—Honour the bishop.
Chapter X.—Acknowledgment of their kindness.
Chapter XI.—Request to them to send a
messenger to Antioch.
Chapter
XII.—Salutations.
Chapter
XIII.—Conclusion.
Epistle to Polycarp: Shorter and Longer
Versions
Chapter I.—Commendation and exhortation.
Chapter
II.—Exhortations.
Chapter
III.—Exhortations.
Chapter
IV.—Exhortations.
Chapter V.—The duties of husbands and wives.
Chapter VI.—The duties of the Christian flock.
Chapter VII.—Request that Polycarp would send
a messenger to Antioch.
Chapter VIII.—Let other churches also send to
Antioch.
Introductory Note to the Syriac Version of
the Ignatian Epistles
Epistle to Polycarp: Syriac Version
Chapter I.
Chapter II.
Chapter III.
Chapter IV.
Chapter V.
Chapter VI.
Chapter VII.
Chapter VIII.
Epistle to the Ephesians: Syriac Version
Chapter I.
Chapter III.
Chapter VIII.
Chapter IX.
Chapter X.
Chapter XIV.
Chapter XV.
Chapter XVIII.
Chapter XIX.
Epistle to the Romans: Syriac Version
Chapter I.
Chapter II.
Chapter III.
Chapter IV.
Chapter V.
Chapter VI.
Chapter VII.
Chapter IX.
Introductory Note to the Spurious Epistles of
Ignatius
Epistle
to the Tarsians
Chapter I.—His own sufferings: exhortation to
stedfastness.
Chapter II.—Cautions against false doctrine.
Chapter III.—The true doctrine respecting
Christ.
Chapter
IV.—Continuation.
Chapter V.—Refutation of the previously
mentioned errors.
Chapter
VI.—Continuation.
Chapter
VII.—Continuation.
Chapter VIII.—Exhortations to holiness and
good order.
Chapter IX.—Exhortations to the discharge of
relative duties.
Chapter
X.—Salutations.
Epistle
to the Antiochians
Chapter I.—Cautions against error.
Chapter II.—The true doctrine respecting God
and Christ.
Chapter
III.—The same continued.
Chapter
IV.—Continuation.
Chapter V.—Denunciation of false teachers.
Chapter
VI.—Renewed cautions.
Chapter VII.—Exhortation to consistency of
conduct.
Chapter VIII.—Exhortations to the presbyters
and others.
Chapter IX.—Duties of husbands, wives,
parents, and children.
Chapter X.—Duties of masters and servants.
Chapter XI.—Inculcation of various moral
duties.
Chapter
XII.—Salutations.
Chapter XIII.—Salutations continued.
Chapter
XIV.—Conclusion.
Epistle to Hero, a Deacon of Antioch
Chapter I.—Exhortations to earnestness and
moderation.
Chapter II.—Cautions against false teachers.
Chapter III.—Exhortations as to
ecclesiastical duties.
Chapter IV.—Servants and women are not to be
despised.
Chapter V.—Various relative duties.
Chapter VI—Exhortations to purity and caution.
Chapter VII.—Solemn charge to Hero, as future
bishop of Antioch.
Chapter
VIII.—Salutations.
Chapter IX.—Concluding salutations and
instructions.
Epistle
to the Philippians
Chapter I.—Reason for writing the epistle.
Chapter II.—Unity of the three divine persons.
Chapter III.—Christ was truly born, and died.
Chapter IV.—The malignity and folly of Satan.
Chapter
V.—Apostrophe to Satan.
Chapter
VI.—Continuation.
Chapter VII.—Continuation: inconsistency of
Satan.
Chapter VIII.—Continuation: ignorance of Satan.
Chapter IX.—Continuation: ignorance of Satan.
Chapter X.—Continuation: audacity of Satan.
Chapter XI.—Continuation: audacity of Satan.
Chapter XII.—The meek reply of Christ.
Chapter XIII.—Various exhortations and
directions.
Chapter XIV.—Farewells and cautions.
Chapter XV.—Salutations. Conclusion.
Epistle
from Maria of Cassobelæ
Mary
of Cassobelæ to Ignatius
Chapter I.—Occasion of the epistle.
Chapter II.—Youth may be allied with piety
and discretion.
Chapter III.—Examples of youthful devotedness.
Chapter IV.—The same subject continued.
Chapter V.—Expressions of respect for Ignatius.
Epistle
to Mary at Neapolis
Chapter I.—Acknowledgment of her excellence
and wisdom.
Chapter
II.—His own condition.
Chapter III.—He had complied with her request.
Chapter IV.—Commendation and exhortation.
Chapter V.—Salutations and good wishes.
First
Epistle to St John
Ignatius, and the brethren who are with him,
to John the holy presbyter.
Second
Epistle to St John
His friend Ignatius to John the holy presbyter.
Epistle
to Mary the Virgin
Her friend Ignatius to the Christ-bearing Mary.
Epistle
from Mary the Virgin
The lowly handmaid of Christ Jesus to
Ignatius, her beloved fellow-disciple.
Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Ignatius
The
Martyrdom of Ignatius
Chapter I.—Desire of Ignatius for martyrdom.
Chapter II.—Ignatius is condemned by Trajan.
Chapter III.—Ignatius sails to Smyrna.
Chapter IV.—Ignatius writes to the churches.
Chapter V.—Ignatius is brought to Rome.
Chapter VI.—Ignatius is devoured by the beasts
at Rome.
Chapter VII.—Ignatius appears in a vision
after his death.
BARNABAS
Introductory Note to the Epistle of Barnabas
The
Epistle of Barnabas
Chapter I.—After the salutation, the writer
declares that he would communicate to his brethren something of that which he
had himself received.
Chapter II.—The Jewish sacrifices are now
abolished.
Chapter III.—The fasts of the Jews are not
true fasts, nor acceptable to God.
Chapter IV.—Antichrist is at hand: let us
therefore avoid Jewish errors.
Chapter V.—The new covenant, founded on the
sufferings of Christ, tends to our salvation, but to the Jews’ destruction.
Chapter VI.—The sufferings of Christ, and the
new covenant, were announced by the prophets.
Chapter VII.—Fasting, and the goat sent away,
were types of Christ.
Chapter VIII.—The red heifer a type of Christ.
Chapter IX.—The spiritual meaning of
circumcision.
Chapter X.—Spiritual significance of the
precepts of Moses respecting different kinds of food.
Chapter XI.—Baptism and the cross prefigured
in the Old Testament.
Chapter XII.—The cross of Christ frequently
announced in the Old Testament.
Chapter XIII.—Christians, and not Jews, the
heirs of the covenant.
Chapter XIV.—The Lord hath given us the
testament which Moses received and broke.
Chapter XV.—The false and the true Sabbath.
Chapter XVI.—The spiritual temple of God.
Chapter XVII.—Conclusion of the first part of
the epistle.
Chapter XVIII.—Second part of the epistle.
The two ways.
Chapter
XIX.—The way of light.
Chapter
XX.—The way of darkness.
Chapter
XXI.—Conclusion.
PAPIAS
Introductory Note to the Fragments of Papias
Fragments
I. From the exposition of the oracles of the
Lord.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
JUSTIN MARTYR
Introductory Note to the Writings of Justin
Martyr
The First
Apology
Chapter
I.—Address.
Chapter
II.—Justice demanded.
Chapter III.—Claim of judicial investigation.
Chapter IV.—Christians unjustly condemned for
their mere name.
Chapter V.—Christians charged with atheism.
Chapter VI.—Charge of atheism refuted.
Chapter VII.—Each Christian must be tried by
his own life.
Chapter VIII.—Christians confess their faith
in God.
Chapter IX.—Folly of idol worship.
Chapter X.—How God is to be served.
Chapter XI.—What kingdom Christians look for.
Chapter XII.—Christians live as under God’s
eye.
Chapter XIII.—Christians serve God rationally.
Chapter XIV.—The demons misrepresent
Christian doctrine.
Chapter XV.—What Christ himself taught.
Chapter XVI.—Concerning patience and swearing.
Chapter XVII.—Christ taught civil obedience.
Chapter XVIII.—Proof of immortality and the
resurrection.
Chapter XIX.—The resurrection possible.
Chapter XX.—Heathen analogies to Christian
doctrine.
Chapter XXI.—Analogies to the history of
Christ.
Chapter XXII.—Analogies to the sonship of
Christ.
Chapter
XXIII.—The argument.
Chapter XXIV.—Varieties of heathen worship.
Chapter XXV.—False Gods abandoned by
Christians.
Chapter XXVI.—Magicians not trusted by
Christians.
Chapter XXVII.—Guilt of exposing children.
Chapter XXVIII.—God’s care for men.
Chapter XXIX.—Continence of Christians.
Chapter XXX.—Was Christ not a magician?
Chapter XXXI.—Of the Hebrew prophets.
Chapter XXXII.—Christ predicted by Moses.
Chapter XXXIII.—Manner of Christ’s birth
predicted.
Chapter XXXIV.—Place of Christ’s birth
foretold.
Chapter XXXV.—Other fulfilled prophecies.
Chapter XXXVI.—Different modes of prophecy.
Chapter XXXVII.—Utterances of the Father.
Chapter XXXVIII.—Utterances of the Son.
Chapter XXXIX.—Direct predictions by the
Spirit.
Chapter XL.—Christ’s advent foretold.
Chapter XLI.—The crucifixion predicted.
Chapter XLII.—Prophecy using the past tense.
Chapter XLIII.—Responsibility asserted.
Chapter XLIV.—Not nullified by prophecy.
Chapter XLV.—Christ’s session in heaven
foretold.
Chapter XLVI.—The Word in the world before
Christ.
Chapter XLVII.—Desolation of Judæa foretold.
Chapter XLVIII.—Christ’s work and death
foretold.
Chapter XLIX.—His rejection by the Jews
foretold.
Chapter L.—His humiliation predicted.
Chapter LI.—The majesty of Christ.
Chapter LII.—Certain fulfilment of prophecy.
Chapter LIII.—Summary of the prophecies.
Chapter LIV.—Origin of heathen mythology.
Chapter
LV.—Symbols of the cross.
Chapter LVI.—The demons still mislead men.
Chapter LVII.—And cause persecution.
Chapter LVIII.—And raise up heretics.
Chapter LIX.—Plato’s obligation to Moses.
Chapter LX.—Plato’s doctrine of the cross.
Chapter
LXI.—Christian baptism.
Chapter LXII.—Its imitation by demons.
Chapter LXIII.—How God appeared to Moses.
Chapter LXIV.—Further misrepresentations of
the truth.
Chapter LXV.—Administration of the sacraments.
Chapter
LXVI.—Of the Eucharist.
Chapter LXVII.—Weekly worship of the
Christians.
Chapter
LXVIII.—Conclusion.
Epistle of Adrian in behalf of the Christians.
Epistle of Antoninus to the common assembly
of Asia.
Epistle of Marcus Aurelius to the senate, in
which he testifies that the Christians were the cause of his victory.
The Second
Apology
Chapter
I.—Introduction.
Chapter II.—Urbicus condemns the Christians
to death.
Chapter III.—Justin accuses Crescens of
ignorant prejudice against the Christians.
Chapter IV.—Why the Christians do not kill
themselves.
Chapter V.—How the angels transgressed.
Chapter VI.—Names of God and of Christ, their
meaning and power.
Chapter VII.—The world preserved for the sake
of Christians. Man’s responsibility.
Chapter VIII.—All have been hated in whom the
Word has dwelt.
Chapter IX.—Eternal punishment not a mere
threat.
Chapter X.—Christ compared with Socrates.
Chapter XI.—How Christians view death.
Chapter XII.—Christians proved innocent by
their contempt of death.
Chapter XIII.—How the Word has been in all men.
Chapter XIV.—Justin prays that this appeal be
published.
Chapter
XV.—Conclusion.
Dialogue
with Trypho
Chapter
I.—Introduction.
Chapter II.—Justin describes his studies in
philosophy.
Chapter III.—Justin narrates the manner of
his conversion.
Chapter IV.—The soul of itself cannot see God.
Chapter V.—The soul is not in its own nature
immortal.
Chapter VI.—These things were unknown to
Plato and other philosophers.
Chapter VII.—The knowledge of truth to be
sought from the prophets alone.
Chapter VIII.—Justin by his colloquy is kindled
with love to Christ.
Chapter IX.—The Christians have not believed
groundless stories.
Chapter X.—Trypho blames the Christians for
this alone—the non-observance of the law.
Chapter XI.—The law abrogated; the New
Testament promised and given by God.
Chapter XII.—The Jews violate the eternal
law, and interpret ill that of Moses.
Chapter XIII.—Isaiah teaches that sins are
forgiven through Christ’s blood.
Chapter XIV.—Righteousness is not placed in
Jewish rites, but in the conversion of the heart given in baptism by Christ.
Chapter XV.—In what the true fasting consists.
Chapter XVI.—Circumcision given as a sign,
that the Jews might be driven away for their evil deeds done to Christ and the
Christians.
Chapter XVII.—The Jews sent persons through
the whole earth to spread calumnies on Christians.
Chapter XVIII.—Christians would observe the
law, if they did not know why it was instituted.
Chapter XIX.—Circumcision unknown before
Abraham. The law was given by Moses on account of the hardness of their hearts.
Chapter XX.—Why choice of meats was prescribed.
Chapter XXI.—Sabbaths were instituted on
account of the people’s sins, and not for a work of righteousness.
Chapter XXII.—So also were sacrifices and
oblations.
Chapter XXIII.—The opinion of the Jews
regarding the law does an injury to God.
Chapter XXIV.—The Christians’ circumcision
far more excellent.
Chapter XXV.—The Jews boast in vain that they
are sons of Abraham.
Chapter XXVI.—No salvation to the Jews except
through Christ.
Chapter XXVII.—Why God taught the same things
by the prophets as by Moses.
Chapter XXVIII.—True righteousness is
obtained by Christ.
Chapter XXIX.—Christ is useless to those who
observe the law.
Chapter XXX.—Christians possess the true
righteousness.
Chapter XXXI.—If Christ’s power be now so
great, how much greater at the second advent!
Chapter XXXII.—Trypho objecting that Christ
is described as glorious by Daniel, Justin distinguishes two advents.
Chapter XXXIII.—Ps. cx. is not spoken of
Hezekiah. He proves that Christ was first humble, then shall be glorious.
Chapter XXXIV.—Nor does Ps. lxxii. apply to
Solomon, whose faults Christians shudder at.
Chapter XXXV.—Heretics confirm the Catholics
in the faith.
Chapter XXXVI.—He proves that Christ is
called Lord of Hosts.
Chapter XXXVII.—The same is proved from other
Psalms.
Chapter XXXVIII.—It is an annoyance to the
Jew that Christ is said to be adored. Justin confirms it, however, from Ps.
xlv.
Chapter XXXIX.—The Jews hate the Christians
who believe this. How great the distinction is between both!
Chapter XL.—He returns to the Mosaic laws,
and proves that they were figures of the things which pertain to Christ.
Chapter XLI.—The oblation of fine flour was a
figure of the Eucharist.
Chapter XLII.—The bells on the priest’s robe
were a figure of the apostles.
Chapter XLIII.—He concludes that the law had
an end in Christ, who was born of the Virgin.
Chapter XLIV.—The Jews in vain promise
themselves salvation, which cannot be obtained except through Christ.
Chapter XLV.—Those who were righteous before
and under the law shall be saved by Christ.
Chapter XLVI.—Trypho asks whether a man who
keeps the law even now will be saved. Justin proves that it contributes nothing
to righteousness.
Chapter XLVII.—Justin communicates with
Christians who observe the law. Not a few Catholics do otherwise.
Chapter XLVIII.—Before the divinity of Christ
is proved, he [Trypho] demands that it be settled that He is Christ.
Chapter XLIX.—To those who object that Elijah
has not yet come, he replies that he is the precursor of the first advent.
Chapter L.—It is proved from Isaiah that John
is the precursor of Christ.
Chapter LI.—It is proved that this prophecy
has been fulfilled.
Chapter LII.—Jacob predicted two advents of
Christ.
Chapter LIII.—Jacob predicted that Christ
would ride on an ass, and Zechariah confirms it.
Chapter LIV.—What the blood of the grape
signifies.
Chapter LV.—Trypho asks that Christ be proved
God, but without metaphor. Justin promises to do so.
Chapter LVI.—God who appeared to Moses is
distinguished from God the Father.
Chapter LVII.—The Jew objects, why is He said
to have eaten, if He be God? Answer of Justin.
Chapter LVIII.—The same is proved from the
visions which appeared to Jacob.
Chapter LIX.—God distinct from the Father
conversed with Moses.
Chapter LX.—Opinions of the Jews with regard
to Him who appeared in the bush.
Chapter LXI—Wisdom is begotten of the Father,
as fire from fire.
Chapter LXII.—The words “Let Us make man”
agree with the testimony of Proverbs.
Chapter LXIII.—It is proved that this God was
incarnate.
Chapter LXIV.—Justin adduces other proofs to
the Jew, who denies that he needs this Christ.
Chapter LXV.—The Jew objects that God does
not give His glory to another. Justin explains the passage.
Chapter LXVI.—He proves from Isaiah that God
was born from a virgin.
Chapter LXVII.—Trypho compares Jesus with
Perseus; and would prefer [to say] that He was elected [to be Christ] on
account of observance of the law. Justin speaks of the law as formerly.
Chapter LXVIII.—He complains of the obstinacy
of Trypho; he answers his objection; he convicts the Jews of bad faith.
Chapter LXIX.—The devil, since he emulates
the truth, has invented fables about Bacchus, Hercules, and Æsculapius.
Chapter LXX.—So also the mysteries of Mithras
are distorted from the prophecies of Daniel and Isaiah.
Chapter LXXI.—The Jews reject the
interpretation of the LXX., from which, moreover, they have taken away some
passages.
Chapter LXXII.—Passages have been removed by
the Jews from Esdras and Jeremiah.
Chapter LXXIII.—[The words] “From the wood”
have been cut out of Ps. xcvi.
Chapter LXXIV.—The beginning of Ps. xcvi. is
attributed to the Father [by Trypho]. But [it refers] to Christ by these words:
“Tell ye among the nations that the Lord,” etc.
Chapter LXXV.—It is proved that Jesus was the
name of God in the book of Exodus.
Chapter LXXVI.—From other passages the same
majesty and government of Christ are proved.
Chapter LXXVII.—He returns to explain the
prophecy of Isaiah.
Chapter LXXVIII.—He proves that this prophecy
harmonizes with Christ alone, from what is afterwards written.
Chapter LXXIX.—He proves against Trypho that
the wicked angels have revolted from God.
Chapter LXXX.—The opinion of Justin with
regard to the reign of a thousand years. Several Catholics reject it.
Chapter LXXXI.—He endeavours to prove this
opinion from Isaiah and the Apocalypse.
Chapter LXXXII.—The prophetical gifts of the
Jews were transferred to the Christians.
Chapter LXXXIII.—It is proved that the Psalm,
“The Lord said to My Lord,” etc., does not suit Hezekiah.
Chapter LXXXIV.—That prophecy, “Behold, a
virgin,” etc., suits Christ alone.
Chapter LXXXV.—He proves that Christ is the
Lord of Hosts from Ps. xxiv., and from his authority over demons.
Chapter LXXXVI.—There are various figures in
the Old Testament of the wood of the cross by which Christ reigned.
Chapter LXXXVII.—Trypho maintains in
objection these words: “And shall rest on Him,” etc. They are explained by
Justin.
Chapter LXXXVIII.—Christ has not received the
Holy Spirit on account of poverty.
Chapter LXXXIX.—The cross alone is offensive to
Trypho on account of the curse, yet it proves that Jesus is Christ.
Chapter XC.—The stretched-out hands of Moses
signified beforehand the cross.
Chapter XCI.—The cross was foretold in the
blessings of Joseph, and in the serpent that was lifted up.
Chapter XCII.—Unless the scriptures be
understood through God’s great grace, God will not appear to have taught always
the same righteousness.
Chapter XCIII.—The same kind of righteousness
is bestowed on all. Christ comprehends it in two precepts.
Chapter XCIV.—In what sense he who hangs on a
tree is cursed.
Chapter XCV.—Christ took upon Himself the
curse due to us.
Chapter XCVI.—That curse was a prediction of
the things which the Jews would do.
Chapter XCVII.—Other predictions of the cross
of Christ.
Chapter XCVIII.—Predictions of Christ in Ps.
xxii.
Chapter XCIX.—In the commencement of the
Psalm are Christ’s dying words.
Chapter C.—In what sense Christ is [called]
Jacob, and Israel, and Son of Man.
Chapter CI.—Christ refers all things to the
Father
Chapter CII.—The prediction of the events
which happened to Christ when He was born. Why God permitted it.
Chapter CIII.—The Pharisees are the bulls:
the roaring lion is Herod or the devil.
Chapter CIV.—Circumstances of Christ’s death
are predicted in this Psalm.
Chapter CV.—The Psalm also predicts the
crucifixion and the subject of the last prayers of Christ on Earth.
Chapter CVI.—Christ’s resurrection is
foretold in the conclusion of the Psalm.
Chapter CVII.—The same is taught from the
history of Jonah.
Chapter CVIII.—The resurrection of Christ did
not convert the Jews. But through the whole world they have sent men to accuse
Christ.
Chapter CIX.—The conversion of the Gentiles
has been predicted by Micah.
Chapter CX.—A portion of the prophecy already
fulfilled in the Christians: the rest shall be fulfilled at the second advent.
Chapter CXI.—The two advents were signified
by the two goats. Other figures of the first advent, in which the Gentiles are
freed by the blood of Christ.
Chapter CXII.—The Jews expound these signs
jejunely and feebly, and take up their attention only with insignificant
matters.
Chapter CXIII.—Joshua was a figure of Christ.
Chapter CXIV.—Some rules for discerning what
is said about Christ. The circumcision of the Jews is very different from that
which Christians receive.
Chapter CXV.—Prediction about the Christians
in Zechariah. The malignant way which the Jews have in disputations.
Chapter CXVI.—It is shown how this prophecy
suits the Christians.
Chapter CXVII.—Malachi’s prophecy concerning
the sacrifices of the Christians. It cannot be taken as referring to the
prayers of Jews of the dispersion.
Chapter CXVIII.—He exhorts to repentance
before Christ comes; in whom Christians, since they believe, are far more
religious than Jews.
Chapter CXIX.—Christians are the holy people
promised to Abraham. They have been called like Abraham.
Chapter CXX.—Christians were promised to
Isaac, Jacob, and Judah.
Chapter CXXI.—From the fact that the Gentiles
believe in Jesus, it is evident that He is Christ.
Chapter CXXII.—The Jews understand this of
the proselytes without reason.
Chapter CXXIII.—Ridiculous interpretations of
the Jews. Christians are the true Israel.
Chapter CXXIV.—Christians are the sons of God.
Chapter CXXV.—He explains what force the word
Israel has, and how it suits Christ.
Chapter CXXVI.—The various names of Christ
according to both natures. It is shown that He is God, and appeared to the patriarchs.
Chapter CXXVII.—These passages of Scripture
do not apply to the Father, but to the Word.
Chapter CXXVIII.—The Word is sent not as an
inanimate power, but as a person begotten of the Father’s substance.
Chapter CXXIX.—That is confirmed from other
passages of Scripture.
Chapter CXXX.—He returns to the conversion of
the Gentiles, and shows that it was foretold.
Chapter CXXXI.—How much more faithful to God
the Gentiles are who are converted to Christ than the Jews.
Chapter CXXXII.—How great the power was of
the name of Jesus in the Old Testament.
Chapter CXXXIII.—The hard-heartedness of the
Jews, for whom the Christians pray.
Chapter CXXXIV.—The marriages of Jacob are a
figure of the Church.
Chapter CXXXV.—Christ is king of Israel, and
Christians are the Israelitic race.
Chapter CXXXVI.—The Jews, in rejecting
Christ, rejected God who sent him.
Chapter CXXXVII.—He exhorts the Jews to be
converted.
Chapter CXXXVIII.—Noah is a figure of Christ,
who has regenerated us by water, and faith, and wood: [i.e., the cross.]
Chapter CXXXIX.—The blessings, and also the
curse, pronounced by Noah were prophecies of the future.
Chapter CXL.—In Christ all are free. The Jews
hope for salvation in vain because they are sons of Abraham.
Chapter CXLI.—Free-will in men and angels.
Chapter CXLII.—The Jews return thanks, and
leave Justin.
The
Discourse to the Greeks
Chapter I.—Justin justifies his departure
from Greek customs.
Chapter II.—The Greek theogony exposed.
Chapter III.—Follies of the Greek mythology.
Chapter IV.—Shameless practices of the Greeks.
Chapter
V.—Closing appeal.
Hortatory
Address to the Greeks
Chapter I.—Reasons for addressing the Greeks.
Chapter II—The poets are unfit to be
religious teachers.
Chapter III.—Opinions of the school of Thales.
Chapter IV.—Opinions of Pythagoras and
Epicurus.
Chapter V.—Opinions of Plato and Aristotle.
Chapter VI.—Further disagreements between
Plato and Aristotle.
Chapter VII.—Inconsistencies of Plato’s
doctrine.
Chapter VIII.—Antiquity, inspiration, and
harmony of Christian teachers.
Chapter IX.—The antiquity of Moses proved by
Greek writers.
Chapter X—Training and inspiration of Moses.
Chapter XI.—Heathen oracles testify of Moses.
Chapter XII.—Antiquity of Moses proved.
Chapter XIII.—History of the Septuagint.
Chapter XIV.—A warning appeal to the Greeks.
Chapter XV.—Testimony of Orpheus to monotheism.
Chapter XVI.—Testimony of the Sibyl.
Chapter
XVII.—Testimony of Homer.
Chapter XVIII.—Testimony of Sophocles.
Chapter XIX.—Testimony of Pythagoras.
Chapter
XX.—Testimony of Plato.
Chapter XXI.—The namelessness of God.
Chapter XXII.—Studied ambiguity Plato.
Chapter XXIII.—Plato’s self-contradiction.
Chapter XXIV.—Agreement of Plato and Homer.
Chapter XXV.—Plato’s knowledge of God’s
eternity.
Chapter XXVI.—Plato indebted to the prophets.
Chapter XXVII.—Plato’s knowledge of the
judgment.
Chapter XXVIII.—Homer’s obligations to the
sacred writers.
Chapter XXIX.—Origin of Plato’s doctrine of
form.
Chapter XXX.—Homer’s knowledge of man’s origin.
Chapter XXXI.—Further proof of Plato’s
acquaintance with Scripture.
Chapter XXXII.—Plato’s doctrine of the
heavenly gift.
Chapter XXXIII.—Plato’s idea of the beginning
of time drawn from Moses.
Chapter XXXIV.—Whence men attributed to God
human form.
Chapter XXXV.—Appeal to the Greeks.
Chapter XXXVI.—True knowledge not held by the
philosophers.
Chapter
XXXVII.—Of the Sibyl.
Chapter XXXVIII.—Concluding appeal.
On
the Sole Government of God
Chapter
I.—Object of the author.
Chapter II.—Testimonies to the unity of God.
Chapter III.—Testimonies to a future judgment.
Chapter IV.—God desires not sacrifices, but
righteousness.
Chapter V.—The vain pretensions of false gods.
Chapter VI.—We should acknowledge one only God.
On
the Resurrection, Fragments
Chapter I.—The self-evidencing power of truth.
Chapter II.—Objections to the resurrection of
the flesh.
Chapter III.—If the members rise, must they
discharge the same functions as now?
Chapter IV.—Must the deformed rise deformed?
Chapter V.—The resurrection of the flesh is
not impossible.
Chapter VI.—The resurrection consistent with
the opinions of the philosophers.
Chapter VII.—The body valuable in God’s sight.
Chapter VIII.—Does the body cause the soul to
sin?
Chapter IX.—The resurrection of Christ proves
that the body rises.
Chapter X.—The body saved, and will therefore
rise.
Other Fragments from the Lost Writings of
Justin
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Justin
Martyr
The
Martyrdom of Justin Martyr
Chapter I.—Examination of Justin by the
prefect.
Chapter II.—Examination of Justin continued.
Chapter III.—Examination of Chariton and others.
Chapter IV.—Rusticus threatens the Christians
with death.
Chapter V.—Sentence pronounced and executed.
IRENÆUS
Introductory Note to Irenæus Against Heresies
Against
Heresies: Book I
Preface.
Chapter I.—Absurd ideas of the disciples of
Valentinus as to the origin, name, order, and conjugal productions of their
fancied Æons, with the passages of Scripture which they adapt to their opinions.
Chapter II.—The Propator was known to
Monogenes alone. Ambition, disturbance, and danger into which Sophia fell; her
shapeless offspring: she is restored by Horos. The production of Christ and of
the Holy Spirit, in order to the completion of the Æons. Manner of the
production of Jesus.
Chapter III.—Texts of Holy Scripture used by
these heretics to support their opinions.
Chapter IV.—Account given by the heretics of
the formation of Achamoth; origin of the visible world from her disturbances.
Chapter V.—Formation of the Demiurge;
description of him. He is the creator of everything outside of the Pleroma.
Chapter VI.—The threefold kind of man feigned
by these heretics: good works needless for them, though necessary to others:
their abandoned morals.
Chapter VII.—The mother Achamoth, when all
her seed are perfected, shall pass into the Pleroma, accompanied by those men
who are spiritual; the Demiurge, with animal men, shall pass into the
intermediate habitation; but all material men shall go into corruption. Their
blasphemous opinions against the true incarnation of Christ by the Virgin Mary.
Their views as to the prophecies. Stupid ignorance of the Demiurge.
Chapter VIII.—How the Valentinians pervert
the Scriptures to support their own pious opinions.
Chapter IX.—Refutation of the impious
interpretations of these heretics.
Chapter X.—Unity of the faith of the Church
throughout the whole world.
Chapter XI.—The opinions of Valentinus, with
those of his disciples and others.
Chapter XII.—The doctrines of the followers
of Ptolemy and Colorbasus.
Chapter XIII.—The deceitful arts and
nefarious practices of Marcus.
Chapter XIV.—The various hypotheses of Marcus
and others. Theories respecting letters and syllables.
Chapter XV.—Sige relates to Marcus the
generation of the twenty-four elements and of Jesus. Exposure of these
absurdities.
Chapter XVI.—Absurd interpretations of the
Marcosians.
Chapter XVII.—The theory of the Marcosians,
that created things were made after the image of things invisible.
Chapter XVIII.—Passages from Moses, which the
heretics pervert to the support of their hypothesis.
Chapter XIX.—Passages of Scripture by which
they attempt to prove that the Supreme Father was unknown before the coming of
Christ.
Chapter XX.—The apocryphal and spurious Scriptures
of the Marcosians, with passages of the Gospels which they pervert.
Chapter XXI.—The views of redemption entertained
by these heretics.
Chapter XXII.—Deviations of heretics from the
truth.
Chapter XXIII.—Doctrines and practices of
Simon Magus and Menander.
Chapter XXIV.—Doctrines of Saturninus and
Basilides.
Chapter XXV.—Doctrines of Carpocrates.
Chapter XXVI.—Doctrines of Cerinthus, the
Ebionites, and Nicolaitanes.
Chapter XXVII.—Doctrines of Cerdo and Marcion.
Chapter XXVIII.—Doctrines of Tatian, the
Encratites, and others.
Chapter XXIX.—Doctrines of various other
Gnostic sects, and especially of the Barbeliotes or Borborians.
Chapter XXX.—Doctrines of the Ophites and
Sethians.
Chapter XXXI.—Doctrines of the Cainites.
Against
Heresies: Book II
Preface.
Chapter I.—There is but one God: the
impossibility of its being otherwise.
Chapter II.—The world was not formed by angels,
or by any other being, contrary to the will of the most high God, but was made
by the Father through the Word.
Chapter III.—The Bythus and Pleroma of the
Valentinians, as well as the God of Marcion, shown to be absurd; the world was
actually created by the same Being who had conceived the idea of it, and was
not the fruit of defect or ignorance.
Chapter IV.—The absurdity of the supposed
vacuum and defect of the heretics is demonstrated.
Chapter V.—This world was not formed by any
other beings within the territory which is contained by the Father.
Chapter VI.—The angels and the Creator of the
world could not have been ignorant of the Supreme God.
Chapter VII.—Created things are not the
images of those Æons who are within the Pleroma.
Chapter VIII.—Created things are not a shadow
of the Pleroma.
Chapter IX.—There is but one Creator of the
world, God the Father: this the constant belief of the Church.
Chapter X.—Perverse interpretations of
Scripture by the heretics: God created all things out of nothing, and not from
pre-existent matter.
Chapter XI.—The heretics, from their
disbelief of the truth, have fallen into an abyss of error: reasons for
investigating their systems.
Chapter XII.—The Triacontad of the heretics
errs both by defect and excess: Sophia could never have produced anything apart
from her consort; Logos and Sige could not have been contemporaries.
Chapter XIII.—The first order of production
maintained by the heretics is altogether indefensible.
Chapter XIV.—Valentinus and his followers
derived the principles of their system from the heathen; the names only are
changed.
Chapter XV.—No account can be given of these
productions.
Chapter XVI.—The Creator of the world either
produced of Himself the images of things to be made, or the Pleroma was formed
after the image of some previous system; and so on ad infinitum.
Chapter XVII.—Inquiry into the production of
the Æons: whatever its supposed nature, it is in every respect inconsistent;
and on the hypothesis of the heretics, even Nous and the Father Himself would
be stained with ignorance.
Chapter XVIII.—Sophia was never really in
ignorance or passion; her Enthymesis could not have been separated from
herself, or exhibited special tendencies of its own.
Chapter XIX.—Absurdities of the heretics as
to their own origin: their opinions respecting the Demiurge shown to be equally
untenable and ridiculous.
Chapter XX.—Futility of the arguments adduced
to demonstrate the sufferings of the twelfth Æon, from the parables, the
treachery of Judas, and the passion of our Saviour.
Chapter XXI.—The twelve apostles were not a
type of the Æons.
Chapter XXII.—The thirty Æons are not typified
by the fact that Christ was baptized in His thirtieth year: He did not suffer
in the twelfth month after His baptism, but was more than fifty years old when
He died.
Chapter XXIII.—The woman who suffered from an
issue of blood was no type of the suffering Æon.
Chapter XXIV.—Folly of the arguments derived
by the heretics from numbers, letters, and syllables.
Chapter XXV.—God is not to be sought after by
means of letters, syllables, and numbers; necessity of humility in such
investigations.
Chapter XXVI.—“Knowledge puffeth up, but love
edifieth.”
Chapter XXVII.—Proper mode of interpreting
parables and obscure passages of Scripture.
Chapter XXVIII.—Perfect knowledge cannot be
attained in the present life: many questions must be submissively left in the
hands of God.
Chapter XXIX.—Refutation of the views of the
heretics as to the future destiny of the soul and body.
Chapter XXX.—Absurdity of their styling
themselves spiritual, while the Demiurge is declared to be animal.
Chapter XXXI.—Recapitulation and application
of the foregoing arguments.
Chapter XXXII.—Further exposure of the wicked
and blasphemous doctrines of the heretics.
Chapter XXXIII.—Absurdity of the doctrine of
the transmigration of souls.
Chapter XXXIV.—Souls can be recognised in the
separate state, and are immortal although they once had a beginning.
Chapter XXXV.—Refutation of Basilides, and of
the opinion that the prophets uttered their predictions under the inspiration
of different gods.
Against
Heresies: Book III
Preface.
Chapter I.—The apostles did not commence to
preach the Gospel, or to place anything on record until they were endowed with
the gifts and power of the Holy Spirit. They preached one God alone, Maker of
heaven and earth.
Chapter II.—The heretics follow neither
Scripture nor tradition.
Chapter III.—A refutation of the heretics,
from the fact that, in the various Churches, a perpetual succession of bishops
was kept up.
Chapter IV.—The truth is to be found nowhere
else but in the Catholic Church, the sole depository of apostolical doctrine.
Heresies are of recent formation, and cannot trace their origin up to the
apostles.
Chapter V.—Christ and His apostles, without
any fraud, deception, or hypocrisy, preached that one God, the Father, was the
founder of all things. They did not accommodate their doctrine to the
prepossessions of their hearers.
Chapter VI—The Holy Ghost, throughout the Old
Testament Scriptures, made mention of no other God or Lord, save him who is the
true God.
Chapter VII.—Reply to an objection founded on
the words of St. Paul (2 Cor. iv. 4). St. Paul occasionally uses words not in
their grammatical sequence.
Chapter VIII.—Answer to an objection, arising
from the words of Christ (Matt. vi. 24). God alone is to be really called God
and Lord, for He is without beginning and end.
Chapter IX.—One and the same God, the Creator
of heaven and earth, is He whom the prophets foretold, and who was declared by
the Gospel. Proof of this, at the outset, from St. Matthew’s Gospel.
Chapter X.—Proofs of the foregoing, drawn
from the Gospels of Mark and Luke.
Chapter XI—Proofs in continuation, extracted
from St. John’s Gospel. The Gospels are four in number, neither more nor less.
Mystic reasons for this.
Chapter XII.—Doctrine of the rest of the
apostles.
Chapter XIII—Refutation of the opinion, that
Paul was the only apostle who had knowledge of the truth.
Chapter XIV.—If Paul had known any mysteries
unrevealed to the other apostles, Luke, his constant companion and
fellow-traveller, could not have been ignorant of them; neither could the truth
have possibly lain hid from him, through whom alone we learn many and most
important particulars of the Gospel history.
Chapter XV.—Refutation of the Ebionites, who
disparaged the authority of St. Paul, from the writings of St. Luke, which must
be received as a whole. Exposure of the hypocrisy, deceit, and pride of the
Gnostics. The apostles and their disciples knew and preached one God, the
Creator of the world.
Chapter XVI.—Proofs from the apostolic
writings, that Jesus Christ was one and the same, the only begotten Son of God,
perfect God and perfect man.
Chapter XVII.—The apostles teach that it was
neither Christ nor the Saviour, but the Holy Spirit, who did descend upon
Jesus. The reason for this descent.
Chapter XVIII.—Continuation of the foregoing
argument. Proofs from the writings of St. Paul, and from the words of Our Lord,
that Christ and Jesus cannot be considered as distinct beings; neither can it
be alleged that the Son of God became man merely in appearance, but that He did
so truly and actually.
Chapter XIX.—Jesus Christ was not a mere man,
begotten from Joseph in the ordinary course of nature, but was very God,
begotten of the Father most high, and very man, born of the Virgin.
Chapter XX.—God showed himself, by the fall
of man, as patient, benign, merciful, mighty to save. Man is therefore most
ungrateful, if, unmindful of his own lot, and of the benefits held out to him,
he do not acknowledge divine grace.
Chapter XXI.—A vindication of the prophecy in
Isa. vii. 14 against the misinterpretations of Theodotion, Aquila, the
Ebionites, and the Jews. Authority of the Septuagint version. Arguments in
proof that Christ was born of a virgin.
Chapter XXII.—Christ assumed actual flesh,
conceived and born of the Virgin.
Chapter XXIII.—Arguments in opposition to
Tatian, showing that it was consonant to divine justice and mercy that the
first Adam should first partake in that salvation offered to all by Christ.
Chapter XXIV.—Recapitulation of the various
arguments adduced against Gnostic impiety under all its aspects. The heretics,
tossed about by every blast of doctrine, are opposed by the uniform teaching of
the Church, which remains so always, and is consistent with itself.
Chapter XXV.—This world is ruled by the
providence of one God, who is both endowed with infinite justice to punish the
wicked, and with infinite goodness to bless the pious, and impart to them
salvation.
Elucidation
Against
Heresies: Book IV
Preface.
Chapter I.—The Lord acknowledged but one God
and Father.
Chapter II.—Proofs from the plain testimony
of Moses, and of the other prophets, whose words are the words of Christ, that
there is But one God, the founder of the world, whom Our Lord preached, and
whom He called His Father.
Chapter III.—Answer to the cavils of the
Gnostics. We are not to suppose that the true God can be changed, or come to an
end because the heavens, which are His throne and the earth, His footstool,
shall pass away.
Chapter IV.—Answer to another objection,
showing that the destruction of Jerusalem, which was the city of the great
King, diminished nothing from the supreme majesty and power of God, for that
this destruction was put in execution by the most wise counsel of the same God.
Chapter V.—The author returns to his former
argument, and shows that there was but one God announced by the law and
prophets, whom Christ confesses as His Father, and who, through His word, one
living God with Him, made Himself known to men in both covenants.
Chapter VI.—Explanation of the words of
Christ, “No man knoweth the Father, but the Son,” etc.; which words the
heretics misinterpret. Proof that, by the Father revealing the Son, and by the
Son being revealed, the Father was never unknown.
Chapter VII.—Recapitulation of the foregoing
argument, showing that Abraham, through the revelation of the Word, knew the
Father, and the coming of the Son of God. For this cause, he rejoiced to see
the day of Christ, when the promises made to him should be fulfilled. The fruit
of this rejoicing has flowed to posterity, viz., to those who are partakers in
the faith of Abraham, but not to the Jews who reject the Word of God.
Chapter VIII.—Vain attempts of Marcion and
his followers, who exclude Abraham from the salvation bestowed by Christ, who
liberated not only Abraham, but the seed of Abraham, by fulfilling and not
destroying the law when He healed on the Sabbath-day.
Chapter IX.—There is but one author, and one
end to both covenants.
Chapter X.—The Old Testament Scriptures, and
those written by Moses in particular, do everywhere make mention of the Son of
God, and foretell His advent and passion. From this fact it follows that they
were inspired by one and the same God.
Chapter XI.—The old prophets and righteous
men knew beforehand of the advent of Christ, and earnestly desired to see and
hear Him, He revealing himself in the Scriptures by the Holy Ghost, and without
any change in Himself, enriching men day by day with benefits, but conferring
them in greater abundance on later than on former generations.
Chapter XII.—It clearly appears that there
was but one author of both the old and the new law, from the fact that Christ
condemned traditions and customs repugnant to the former, while He confirmed
its most important precepts, and taught that He was Himself the end of the
Mosaic law.
Chapter XIII.—Christ did not abrogate the
natural precepts of the law, but rather fulfilled and extended them. He removed
the yoke and bondage of the old law, so that mankind, being now set free, might
serve God with that trustful piety which becometh sons.
Chapter XIV.—If God demands obedience from
man, if He formed man, called him and placed him under laws, it was merely for
man’s welfare; not that God stood in need of man, but that He graciously
conferred upon man His favours in every possible manner.
Chapter XV.—At first God deemed it sufficient
to inscribe the natural law, or the Decalogue, upon the hearts of men; but
afterwards He found it necessary to bridle, with the yoke of the Mosaic law, the
desires of the Jews, who were abusing their liberty; and even to add some
special commands, because of the hardness of their hearts.
Chapter XVI.—Perfect righteousness was
conferred neither by circumcision nor by any other legal ceremonies. The
Decalogue, however, was not cancelled by Christ, but is always in force: men
were never released from its commandments.
Chapter XVII.—Proof that God did not appoint
the Levitical dispensation for His own sake, or as requiring such service; for
He does, in fact, need nothing from men.
Chapter XVIII.—Concerning sacrifices and
oblations, and those who truly offer them.
Chapter XIX.—Earthly things may be the type
of heavenly, but the latter cannot be the types of others still superior and
unknown; nor can we, without absolute madness, maintain that God is known to us
only as the type of a still unknown and superior being.
Chapter XX.—That one God formed all things in
the world, by means of the Word and the Holy Spirit: and that although He is to
us in this life invisible and incomprehensible, nevertheless He is not unknown;
inasmuch as His works do declare Him, and His Word has shown that in many modes
He may be seen and known.
Chapter XXI.—Abraham’s faith was identical
with ours; this faith was prefigured by the words and actions of the old
patriarchs.
Chapter XXII.—Christ did not come for the
sake of the men of one age only, but for all who, living righteously and
piously, had believed upon Him; and for those, too, who shall believe.
Chapter XXIII.—The patriarchs and prophets by
pointing out the advent of Christ, fortified thereby, as it were, the way of
posterity to the faith of Christ; and so the labours of the apostles were
lessened inasmuch as they gathered in the fruits of the labours of others.
Chapter XXIV.—The conversion of the Gentiles
was more difficult than that of the Jews; the labours of those apostles,
therefore who engaged in the former task, were greater than those who undertook
the latter.
Chapter XXV.—Both covenants were prefigured
in Abraham, and in the labour of Tamar; there was, however, but one and the
same God to each covenant.
Chapter XXVI.—The treasure hid in the
Scriptures is Christ; the true exposition of the Scriptures is to be found in
the Church alone.
Chapter XXVII—The sins of the men of old
time, which incurred the displeasure of God, were, by His providence, committed
to writing, that we might derive instruction thereby, and not be filled with
pride. We must not, therefore, infer that there was another God than He whom
Christ preached; we should rather fear, lest the one and the same God who
inflicted punishment on the ancients, should bring down heavier upon us.
Chapter XXVIII.—Those persons prove
themselves senseless who exaggerate the mercy of Christ, but are silent as to
the judgment, and look only at the more abundant grace of the New Testament;
but, forgetful of the greater degree of perfection which it demands from us,
they endeavour to show that there is another God beyond Him who created the
world.
Chapter XXIX.—Refutation of the arguments of
the Marcionites, who attempted to show that God was the author of sin, because
He blinded Pharaoh and his servants.
Chapter XXX.—Refutation of another argument
adduced by the Marcionites, that God directed the Hebrews to spoil the
Egyptians.
Chapter XXXI.—We should not hastily impute as
crimes to the men of old time those actions which the Scripture has not
condemned, but should rather seek in them types of things to come: an example
of this in the incest committed by Lot.
Chapter XXXII.—That one God was the author of
both Testaments, is confirmed by the authority of a presbyter who had been taught
by the apostles.
Chapter XXXIII.—Whosoever confesses that one
God is the author of both Testaments, and diligently reads the Scriptures in
company with the presbyters of the Church, is a true spiritual disciple; and he
will rightly understand and interpret all that the prophets have declared
respecting Christ and the liberty of the New Testament.
Chapter XXXIV.—Proof against the Marcionites,
that the prophets referred in all their predictions to our Christ.
Chapter XXXV.—A refutation of those who
allege that the prophets uttered some predictions under the inspiration of the
highest, others from the Demiurge. Disagreements of the Valentinians among
themselves with regard to these same predictions.
Chapter XXXVI.—The prophets were sent from
one and the same Father from whom the Son was sent.
Chapter XXXVII.—Men are possessed of free
will, and endowed with the faculty of making a choice. It is not true,
therefore, that some are by nature good, and others bad.
Chapter XXXVIII.—Why man was not made perfect
from the beginning.
Chapter XXXIX.—Man is endowed with the faculty
of distinguishing good and evil; so that, without compulsion, he has the power,
by his own will and choice, to perform God’s commandments, by doing which he
avoids the evils prepared for the rebellious.
Chapter XL.—One and the same God the Father
inflicts punishment on the reprobate, and bestows rewards on the elect.
Chapter XLI.—Those persons who do not believe
in God, but who are disobedient, are angels and sons of the devil, not indeed
by nature, but by imitation. Close of this book, and scope of the succeeding
one.
Against
Heresies: Book V
Preface.
Chapter I.—Christ alone is able to teach
divine things, and to redeem us: He, the same, took flesh of the Virgin Mary, not
merely in appearance, but actually, by the operation of the Holy Spirit, in
order to renovate us. Strictures on the conceits of Valentinus and Ebion.
Chapter II.—When Christ visited us in His
grace, He did not come to what did not belong to Him: also, by shedding His
true blood for us, and exhibiting to us His true flesh in the Eucharist, He
conferred upon our flesh the capacity of salvation.
Chapter III.—The power and glory of God shine
forth in the weakness of human flesh, as He will render our body a participator
of the resurrection and of immortality, although He has formed it from the dust
of the earth; He will also bestow upon it the enjoyment of immortality, just as
He grants it this short life in common with the soul.
Chapter IV.—Those persons are deceived who
feign another God the Father besides the Creator of the world; for he must have
been feeble and useless, or else malignant and full of envy, if he be either
unable or unwilling to extend external life to our bodies.
Chapter V.—The prolonged life of the
ancients, the translation of Elijah and of Enoch in their own bodies, as well
as the preservation of Jonah, of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, in the midst
of extreme peril, are clear demonstrations that God can raise up our bodies to
life eternal.
Chapter VI.—God will bestow salvation upon
the whole nature of man, consisting of body and soul in close union, since the
Word took it upon Him, and adorned with the gifts of the Holy Spirit, of whom
our bodies are, and are termed, the temples.
Chapter VII.—Inasmuch as Christ did rise in
our flesh, it follows that we shall be also raised in the same; since the
resurrection promised to us should not be referred to spirits naturally
immortal, but to bodies in themselves mortal.
Chapter VIII.—The gifts of the Holy Spirit
which we receive prepare us for incorruption, render us spiritual, and separate
us from carnal men. These two classes are signified by the clean and unclean
animals in the legal dispensation.
Chapter IX.—Showing how that passage of the
apostle which the heretics pervert, should be understood; viz., “Flesh and
blood shall not possess the kingdom of God.”
Chapter X.—By a comparison drawn from the
wild olive-tree, whose quality but not whose nature is changed by grafting, he
proves more important things; he points out also that man without the Spirit is
not capable of bringing forth fruit, or of inheriting the kingdom of God.
Chapter XI.—Treats upon the actions of carnal
and of spiritual persons; also, that the spiritual cleansing is not to be
referred to the substance of our bodies, but to the manner of our former life.
Chapter XII.—Of the difference between life
and death; of the breath of life and the vivifying Spirit: also how it is that
the substance of flesh revives which once was dead.
Chapter XIII.—In the dead who were raised by
Christ we possess the highest proof of the resurrection; and our hearts are
shown to be capable of life eternal, because they can now receive the Spirit of
God.
Chapter XIV.—Unless the flesh were to be
saved, the Word would not have taken upon Him flesh of the same substance as
ours: from this it would follow that neither should we have been reconciled by
Him.
Chapter XV.—Proofs of the resurrection from
Isaiah and Ezekiel; the same God who created us will also raise us up.
Chapter XVI.—Since our bodies return to the
earth, it follows that they have their substance from it; also, by the advent
of the Word, the image of God in us appeared in a clearer light.
Chapter XVII.—There is but one Lord and one
God, the Father and Creator of all things, who has loved us in Christ, given us
commandments, and remitted our sins; whose Son and Word Christ proved Himself
to be, when He forgave our sins.
Chapter XVIII.—God the Father and His Word
have formed all created things (which They use) by Their own power and wisdom,
not out of defect or ignorance. The Son of God, who received all power from the
Father, would otherwise never have taken flesh upon Him.
Chapter XIX.—A comparison is instituted
between the disobedient and sinning Eve and the Virgin Mary, her patroness.
Various and discordant heresies are mentioned.
Chapter XX.—Those pastors are to be heard to
whom the apostles committed the Churches, possessing one and the same doctrine
of salvation; the heretics, on the other hand, are to be avoided. We must think
soberly with regard to the mysteries of the faith.
Chapter XXI.—Christ is the head of all things
already mentioned. It was fitting that He should be sent by the Father, the
Creator of all things, to assume human nature, and should be tempted by Satan,
that He might fulfil the promises, and carry off a glorious and perfect
victory.
Chapter XXII.—The true Lord and the one God
is declared by the law, and manifested by Christ His Son in the Gospel; whom
alone we should adore, and from Him we must look for all good things, not from
Satan.
Chapter XXIII.—The devil is well practised in
falsehood, by which Adam having been led astray, sinned on the sixth day of the
creation, in which day also he has been renewed by Christ.
Chapter XXIV.—Of the constant falsehood of
the devil, and of the powers and governments of the world, which we ought to
obey, inasmuch as they are appointed of God, not of the devil.
Chapter XXV.—The fraud, pride, and tyrannical
kingdom of Antichrist, as described by Daniel and Paul.
Chapter XXVI.—John and Daniel have predicted
the dissolution and desolation of the Roman Empire, which shall precede the end
of the world and the eternal kingdom of Christ. The Gnostics are refuted, those
tools of Satan, who invent another Father different from the Creator.
Chapter XXVII.—The future judgment by Christ.
Communion with and separation from the divine being. The eternal punishment of
unbelievers.
Chapter XXVIII.—The distinction to be made
between the righteous and the wicked. The future apostasy in the time of
Antichrist, and the end of the world.
Chapter XXIX.—All things have been created
for the service of man. The deceits, wickedness, and apostate power of
Antichrist. This was prefigured at the deluge, as afterwards by the persecution
of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego.
Chapter XXX.—Although certain as to the
number of the name of Antichrist, yet we should come to no rash conclusions as
to the name itself, because this number is capable of being fitted to many
names. Reasons for this point being reserved by the Holy Spirit. Antichrist’s
reign and death.
Chapter XXXI.—The preservation of our bodies
is confirmed by the resurrection and ascension of Christ: the souls of the
saints during the intermediate period are in a state of expectation of that
time when they shall receive their perfect and consummated glory.
Chapter XXXII.—In that flesh in which the
saints have suffered so many afflictions, they shall receive the fruits of
their labours; especially since all creation waits for this, and God promises
it to Abraham and his seed.
Chapter XXXIII.—Further proofs of the same
proposition, drawn from the promises made by Christ, when He declared that He
would drink of the fruit of the vine with His disciples in His Father’s
kingdom, while at the same time He promised to reward them an hundred-fold, and
to make them partake of banquets. The blessing pronounced by Jacob had pointed
out this already, as Papias and the elders have interpreted it.
Chapter XXXIV.—He fortifies his opinions with
regard to the temporal and earthly kingdom of the saints after their
resurrection, by the various testimonies of Isaiah, Ezekiel, Jeremiah, and
Daniel; also by the parable of the servants watching, to whom the Lord promised
that He would minister.
Chapter XXXV.—He contends that these
testimonies already alleged cannot be understood allegorically of celestial
blessings, but that they shall have their fulfilment after the coming of
Antichrist, and the resurrection, in the terrestrial Jerusalem. To the former
prophecies he subjoins others drawn from Isaiah, Jeremiah, and the Apocalypse
of John.
Chapter XXXVI.—Men shall be actually raised:
the world shall not be annihilated; but there shall be various mansions for the
saints, according to the rank allotted to each individual. All things shall be
subject to God the Father, and so shall He be all in all.
Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenæus
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.
XXIV.
XXV.
XXVI.
XXVII.
XXVIII.
XXIX.
XXX.
XXXI.
XXXII.
XXXIII.
XXXIV.
XXXV.
XXXVI.
XXXVII.
XXXVIII.
XXXIX.
XL.
XLI.
XLII.
XLIII.
XLIV.
XLV.
XLVI.
XLVII.
XLVIII.
XLIX.
L.
LI.
LII.
LIII.
LIV.
LV.
Indexes
Subject Index
Index
of Scripture References
Greek
Words and Phrases
Hebrew
Words and Phrases
Index of Pages of the Print Edition
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