AllManuscriptsWereWrittenInAllCaps.htm
AllCaps “THEOS”
There is only One Word for GOD in the Greek Language –Read
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--All Original Bible Manuscripts Were Written
In All Caps Study 1-Open GODorgod.htm
One Personal Name for God and One Personal Name for Jesus in
Hebrew—Study –
To Understand God’s Names Open
and Study GodsNAMES.htm-- CommentaryOnBiblePrefaces.htm—
I-AM.htm--JEHOVAHorLORD.htm and Plus HallowBeThyNAME.htm and TETRAGRAMMATON.htm Compare GODTheos.htm
Biblical manuscript - Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
A biblical
manuscript is any handwritten
copy of a portion of the text of the Bible.
.... It is not an easy task to reconstruct the original words of the New Testament. ....
lacked word
spacing, so words,
sentences, and paragraphs would be a
continuous string of ... Gregory divided the manuscripts into 4 groupings: papyri,
uncials, ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_manuscript - 135k - Similar pages
Study 2 plus more -------
Capitalization –
Punctuation-- plus more
Greek was originally written as an uncial script, which means there was not the
differentiation between small and capital letters that we are now familiar
with. The oldest papyri show a cursive script which was later formalized into
what have now become the Greek capital letters of today. But this was very
difficult to write quickly and so, from about the 9th century, a cursive script
was introduced which has now evolved into the present day Greek lower case
letters.
The
trouble with using capitals in accordance with our modern conventions is that
they imply value judgments about the text. Is a particular word a reference to God or a god,(Compare GODorgod.htm) a spirit or the Spirit? Why raise these difficulties
at all in an edition of a Greek text that had no such difficulties? Isn't it
better to leave such matters to our English translations rather than apply
modern conventions to an ancient text?
However,
all of us are far more adept at reading lower case Greek, because the capitals
in modern printed editions of the NT account for less than 1% of the text. So
why not simply use lower case letters throughout?
Punctuation
The earliest NT manuscripts show text divided into
paragraphs and sometimes (but not always) gaps between words. Decimal points
are often used at major sentence breaks, but not consistently. However
punctuation had almost completely disappeared from the great parchment
manuscripts of the fourth and fifth centuries, so it is quite unlikely that any
original punctuation has been transmitted to us.
The
punctuation that you will find in modern editions of the NT is an editorial
device intended to make the text easier to read – which it does! But it should
always be realized that the text can be divided in other ways which might often
change the meaning. Meaning must always
be determined from context.
One
of the biggest difficulties is with questions, because word order – which is fundamental
to understanding English – is not relevant in Greek. There is, for example, no
written difference in Greek between "you believe" and "do you
believe?" The difference would only have been expressed in the way it was
spoken. It is a fundamental mistake to say that something is a question
"because it ends with a semicolon". That semicolon has been added to
the text because a subsequent copyist or editor came to that conclusion.
My only departure from the norms of conventional
punctuation has been to use a colon (decimal point) to introduce direct speech,
rather than a comma and capital letter. Having dropped capitals, I needed
something stronger to differentiate from the normal use of a comma.
Consequently I have been a little more sparing in my use of colons elsewhere.
My
only departure from the norms of conventional punctuation has been to use a
colon (decimal point) to introduce direct speech, rather than a comma and
capital letter. Having dropped capitals, I needed something stronger to
differentiate from the normal use of a comma. Consequently I have been a little
more sparing in my use of colons elsewhere.
Breathings
Rough breathings indicate that a word was pronounced with an initial
"h" sound. There is evidence to show this in the earliest
manuscripts, although the form of the mark seems to have been more usually a
dieresis or double dot, which in modern convention is reserved for use within
rather than at the start of a word. These marks are useful and have been
retained.
Smooth
breathings serve no useful function at all. I find it incredible that we have
persisted with this convention for so long. How many times have we found ourselves
straining our eyes to see whether a blob over a letter is turned one way or the
other – all the more when combined with an accent? Why do we still do it?
A
blob over a letter on this site indicates a rough breathing – nothing else. If
only one of the changes I am advocating finds widespread acceptance it surely
must be this.
Accents
In most printed texts virtually every word has one accent – either
acute, grave or circumflex. Originally accents were introduced as a
learning aid for non-Greek speakers to indicate a rising, falling or even pitch
or tone. Obviously this would be particularly relevant for reading the epic
poets.
Over
the course of time (largely because it is very difficult to convey variation of
pitch) the same accents came to be used to represent variations of stress
instead of tone, as is the case in modern Greek – although Greek has recently
rationalized this to just one type of accent, instead of three!
Nearly
forty years ago D F Hudson, in Teach Yourself New Testament Greek
pioneered the omission of accents. This was endorsed by J W Wenham in The
Elements of New Testament Greek, which became the standard
beginners' work for many years. His reasoning was, and still is, compelling.
You can read it for yourself by clicking here
Virtually
all those who champion the usefulness of accents now do so on
the basis that they determine stress rather than tone, with the intention of
encouraging a uniform pronunciation. Yet the practice imposes a straight-jacket
on how you read Greek. It hinders the ability to read naturally so that it is
virtually impossible to become fluent.
What
I suggest is that the stress in any word taken in isolation would usually fall
on any long vowels or diphthongs in it. However, in the context in which the
word was used, stress would vary according to the rhetorical
emphasis the speaker wished to make.
For
example in 1 Peter 3:1 we have a long Greek word which means "they will be
won-over" – used in the context of unbelieving husbands being converted by
their wives' behaviour rather than their words.
According to the rules of accentuation there is only one correct place to put
the accent, but it is obvious that rhetorical stress could quite legitimately
be put on any one of these elements in just the same way as is natural in
English.
Joh
"Jesus". His true name Yahushua Jesus
was never His real name.
Yaohushua -- Who is Yeshua-Open
-Yeshua.htm
The
earliest written form of the Germanic word "god" comes from the
6th
century Christian
Codex Argenteus.
The
English word itself descends from the Proto-Germanic *ǥuđan. Most linguists agree that the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form *ǵhu-tó-m was based on the root
*ǵhau(ə)-, which meant either
"To call" or to "invoke."
The capitalized
form "God" was first used in Ulfilas' Gothic translation of the New Testament,
to represent the Greek Theos.
In the
English language the capitalization continues to represent a
distinction between monotheistic "God" and the "gods" of
polytheism.[5]
The name "God" now typically refers to the Abrahamic God of Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the Bahá'í Faith. Though
there are significant cultural divergences that are implied by these different
names, "God" remains the common English translation for all.
The
name may signify any related or similar monotheistic deities, such as the early
monotheism of Akhenaten
and Zoroastrianism.
From com/reference/God - Etymology and usage
Study BiblePunctuationMarksPLUS.
The Coptics in 200-
Creed appeared in
Open-Coptics.htm+
Including JOHN1onePLUS.htm +More
Open-Coptics.htm
Study
Homoousion (Substance in Heb1-3.htm)
To The Original Text and You Can Learn Biblical Mythology----GodHead
Compare Biblical-Theology.htm
The name God was used to represent Greek
Theos,
Latin Deus in Bible translations,
first in the Gothic translation of the New Testament by Ulfilas.
For the etymology of deus,
see *.
Greek theos
is unrelated, and of uncertain origin. It is often connected with Latin feriae "holidays", fanum
"temple", and also Armenian di-k`
"gods". Alternative suggestions (e.g. by De Saussure) connect
"smoke, spirit", attested in Baltic and Germanic words for
"spook," and ultimately cognate with Latin fumus
"smoke."
See El (god)
and YHWH for discussions
of the Hebrew names for God.
Capitalization
The development of English orthography was dominated by Christian texts.
Capitalized, "God" was first used to refer to the Judeo-Christian
concept and may now signify any monotheistic conception of God, including the
translations of the Arabic
and the African Masai Engai.
The use of capitalization, as for a proper noun, has persisted
to disambiguate the concept of a singular God, specifically the
Christian God, from pagan
deities for which lower case god has continued to be applied, mirroring
the use of Latin deus. Pronouns referring to
God are also often capitalized and are traditionally in the masculine gender,
i.e. "He", "His" etc.
References
See also
More References
Tittle--- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tittle
and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majuscule
From Wikipedia, the free
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i j
A tittle is a small distinguishing mark, such as a
diacritic
or the dot over an i.
It first appeared in Latin manuscripts in the 11th century,
to distinguish the letter i from strokes of nearby letters. Although
originally a larger mark, it was reduced to a dot when Roman-style
typefaces
were introduced.
The only place a modern reader is apt to confront this
word is during the introduction to the Antithesis of the Law in the Gospel of
Matthew: "For assuredly, I say to you, till heaven and earth
pass away, one jot or one tittle will by no means pass from the law till all is
fulfilled" (NKJV).
The quotation uses them as an example of extremely minor details. The phrase
"jot and tittle" indicates that every small detail has received
attention.
In the Greek
original translated as English "jot and tittle" is found iota
and keraia.
Iota is the smallest
letter of the Greek alphabet (ι), but since only capitals
were used at the time the Greek New Testament
was written (Ι), it probably represents the
Hebrew or Aramaic
yodh (י) which is the smallest letter of the Hebrew and Aramaic
alphabets. "Keraia" is a hook or serif, possibly accents in
Greek but more likely hooks on Hebrew or Aramaic letters, (ב) versus (כ), or additional marks such as
crowns (as Vulgate
apex) found in the Torah, the Five Books of Moses, which are the first
five books of the Jewish Bible.
The standard reference for NT Greek is A Greek-English
Lexicon of the New Testament and other Early Christian Literature, Bauer, Gingrich,
Danker, et al.
Another Reference Open Charles Leach's Our Bible: ----How We Got It: Chapter III.
http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/texts/dasc/HWGI03.HTM
Web Results for: Greek Bible
Manuscripts All capital letters.
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More Reference Concerning (1) Isaiah 9:6 (2)) John 1:1 and (3) John 20:28 small g Not Capital G
http://www.bing.com/search?q=John%201%3A1%20smallg-g=1
http://search.babylon.com/?baJohn%20small%20g%20god
http://search.babylon.com/?babsrc=TB_Isaiah9-6
John =PLUS others small no capitalG
http://atheism.about.com/od/doesgodexist/a/capitalization.htm